灰关联分析在船用制冷系统故障诊断中的应用

灰关联分析方法是一种实用性强、可信度高的设备故障诊断方法,但其存在一定的应用限制。将D-S证据组合规则与灰关联方法相结合,能有效地处理故障征兆与故障类型关系的复杂性与不确定性,且诊断结果可信度较高。通过对某船用制冷系统故障实例计算,证明该方法简单、实用、诊断准确率高。     

A shockwave profile model for traffic flow on congested urban arterials

In this paper a new traffic flow model for congested arterial networks, named shockwave profile model (SPM), is presented. Taking advantage of the fact that traffic states within a congested link can be simplified as free-flow, saturated, and jammed conditions, SPM simulates traffic dynamics by analytically deriving the trajectories of four major shockwaves: queuing, discharge, departure, and compression waves. Unlike conventional macroscopic models, in which space is often discretized into small cells for numerical solutions, SPM treats each homogeneous road segment with constant capacity as a section; and the queuing dynamics within each section are described by tracing the shockwave fronts. SPM is particularly suitable for simulating traffic flow on congested signalized arterials especially with queue spillover problems, where the steady-state periodic pattern of queue build-up and dissipation process may break down. Depending on when and where spillover occurs along a signalized arterial, a large number of queuing patterns may be possible. Therefore it becomes difficult to apply the conventional approach directly to track shockwave fronts. To overcome this difficulty, a novel approach is proposed as part of the SPM, in which queue spillover is treated as either extending a red phase or creating new smaller cycles, so that the analytical solutions for tracing the shockwave fronts can be easily applied. Since only the essential features of arterial traffic flow, i.e., queue build-up and dissipation, are considered, SPM significantly reduces the computational load and improves the numerical efficiency. We further validated SPM using real-world traffic signal data collected from a major arterial in the Twin Cities. The results clearly demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of the model. We expect that in the future this model can be applied in a number of real-time applications such as arterial performance prediction and signal optimization.     

基于TBM工法的隧洞工程进度定量分析——以引红济石隧洞工程TBM段为例

文章结合QTBM理论,对引红济石隧洞工程前期的开挖进度数据进行了分析统计,结果表明:该工区TBM在Ⅲ类、Ⅳ类围岩中掘进速率较为稳定,而在V类围岩中掘进速率较低;同时,获得了适合该工区的岩体品质参数以及TBM净掘进速率、平均使用率等相关参数;并据此对该工程TBM待开挖段的工程进度进行预测,预测表明剩余6600m的开挖尚需...     

On the fundamental diagram and supply curves for congested urban networks

Macroscopic fundamental diagrams (MFD) of traffic for some networks have been shown to have similar shape to those for single links. They have erroneously been used to help estimate the level of travel in congested networks. We argue that supply curves, which track vehicles in their passage through congested networks, are needed for this purpose, and that they differ from the performance curves generated from MFD. We use a microsimulation model, DRACULA and two networks, one synthesizing the network for Cambridge, England, and one of the city of York, England, to explore the nature of performance curves and supply curves under differing patterns of demand.We show that supply curves differ from performance curves once the onset of congestion is reached, and that the incorrect use of performance curves to estimate demand can thus seriously underestimate traffic levels, the costs of congestion, and the value of congestion relief measures. We also show that network aggregated supply curves are sensitive to the temporal distribution of demand and, potentially, to the spatial distribution of demand. The shape of the supply curve also differs between origin–destination movements within a given network.We argue that supply curves for higher levels of demand cannot be observed in normal traffic conditions, and specify ways in which they can be determined from microsimulation and, potentially, by extrapolating observed data. We discuss the implications of these findings for conventional modelling of network management policies, and for these policies themselves.     

Real time queue length estimation for signalized intersections using travel times from mobile sensors

We study how to estimate real time queue lengths at signalized intersections using intersection travel times collected from mobile traffic sensors. The estimation is based on the observation that critical pattern changes of intersection travel times or delays, such as the discontinuities (i.e., sudden and dramatic increases in travel times) and non-smoothness (i.e., changes of slopes of travel times), indicate signal timing or queue length changes. By detecting these critical points in intersection travel times or delays, the real time queue length can be re-constructed. We first introduce the concept of Queue Rear No-delay Arrival Time which is related to the non-smoothness of queuing delay patterns and queue length changes. We then show how measured intersection travel times from mobile sensors can be processed to generate sample vehicle queuing delays. Under the uniform arrival assumption, the queuing delays reduce linearly within a cycle. The delay pattern can be estimated by a linear fitting method using sample queuing delays. Queue Rear No-delay Arrival Time can then be obtained from the delay pattern, and be used to estimate the maximum and minimum queue lengths of a cycle, based on which the real-time queue length curve can also be constructed. The model and algorithm are tested in a field experiment and in simulation.     

隧道路面类型选择及调查研究

采用理论分析和实际调查相结合的方法分析了隧道内温度、湿度、噪声、基础强度、交通条件等对隧道路面类型选择影响.为了选择舒适、安全、耐久的隧道路面类型,基于灰靶分析理论从路面整体强度、耐久性、平整度、抗滑性能、耐磨性能及修复难易程度六个方面对沥青和水泥两种路面进行综合评价.结果表明沥青路面在隧道中具有更好的适用性.经对近百座隧道路面实地调查,验证了理论分析的正确性.随着施工、阻燃等技术进步,沥青路面将逐渐取代水泥路面在隧道内得到广泛应用.     

基于应变梯度的微切削第一变形区几何分析模型的研究

应用应变梯度塑性理论构建了微切削第一变形区的力学模型,在此力学模型的基础上提出了第一变形区几何尺寸的分析预测方法和影响因素,得出当材料的内禀长度l越小,即材料相对均匀时,第一变形区厚度赿小.当切削厚度增大时,第一变形区的长度增大.设计了正交切削实验来验证模型的有效性,实验结果表明随着进给量的增大,第一变形区厚度减小而第一变形区的长度反而增大.     

城市公交车到站规律及站台服务水平研究

城市公共交通是城市可持续发展的必由之路,对城市交通具有重大意义.本文从公交车的运行特点入手,用数学方法描述公交车从发车到到站的运行过程,建立公交车到站模型,并利用简化模型分析公交站台车辆到站规律,计算车辆到站频次.最后,利用排队理论建立公交站台服务水平的计算模型.运用排队论模型对北京市某公交站台进行评价,证明对站点设置位置和停靠模式以及站台的线路数和线路发车频率的合理设置,可以有效地控制站台内公交车的排队情况,提高公交站台的运行效率,缓解交通拥堵.     

试论大学英语教学中的师生互动

在教育模式从以教师为中心转化到以学生为中心的过程中,人们似乎忽略师生间的互动的重要性.以大学英语课堂为例,论述了良好的师生关系不仅有益于教师与学生,还有益于整个英语教学教育的效果和质量的提高.本文还探讨了在大学英语课堂中建立良好的师生互动关系的途径.     

CTC条件下铁路客运站股道运用决策支持系统

结合车站自律机、联锁系统、客运站股道运用技术作业及其要求,设计了基于分散自律控制原则的系统模型、功能与体系结构。运用现代排序理论,构建了股道运用实时调整可控排序模型和耦合模型,提出了基于合成分派规则的三步算法与股道运用通用启发式算法,求解股道运用系列决策问题,解决铁路行车及调车作业之间的干扰问题,并开发了CTC条件下铁路客运站股道运用决策支持系统。分析结果表明:合成分派规则的平均优化解明显优于基本分派规则的平均优化解,合成分派规则EDD+FIFO获得的解最优;实时调整时宜直接采用合成分派规则,尤其是规则EDD+FIFO,求解耦合问题时应综合考虑各种分派规则。可见,系统的功能、性能和技术指标均能满足股道运用智能编制和实时调整的现实需求。