考虑输入受限的水下滑翔机前馈控制设计

自主式水下滑翔机是一类浮力驱动的无人装备,其控制系统对滑翔机的功能实现至关重要。考虑控制输入受限,以具有不稳定内部动态的水下滑翔机动力学系统为对象,构造前馈控制算法。这种前馈控制方法将有限时间间隔内的转换控制任务视为两点边界值问题,并将输入受限直接并入两点边界值问题中求解。仿真结果表明,在输入受限的情况下,所设计的控制系统能对水下滑翔机进行有效控制,为不稳定的内部动态求出有界的、因果的解。在控制输入无约束和控制输入受限的情况下,各状态变量的变化趋势相同,只是控制过程中各状态变量的幅度变化有所差异。     

Modelling heavy vehicle car‐following behaviour in congested traffic conditions

This study develops a car‐following model in which heavy vehicle behaviour is predicted separately from passenger car. Heavy vehicles have different characteristics and manoeuvrability compared with passenger cars. These differences could create problems in freeway operations and safety under congested traffic conditions (level of service E and F) particularly when there is high proportion of heavy vehicles. With increasing numbers of heavy vehicles in the traffic stream, model estimates of the traffic flow could be degrades because existing car‐following models do not differentiate between these vehicles and passenger cars. This study highlighted some of the differences in car‐following behaviour of heavy vehicle and passenger drivers and developed a model considering heavy vehicles. In this model, the local linear model tree approach was used to incorporate human perceptual imperfections into a car‐following model. Three different real world data sets from a stretch of freeway in USA were used in this study. Two of them were used for the training and testing of the model, and one of them was used for evaluation purpose. The performance of the model was compared with a number of existing car‐following models. The results showed that the model, which considers the heavy vehicle type, could predict car‐following behaviour of drivers better than the existing models. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Assessment of energy-saving techniques in direct-current-electrified mass transit systems

Railway rapid transit systems are key stones for the sustainability of mass transit in developed countries. The overwhelming majority of these railway systems are direct-current (DC) electrified and several energy-saving techniques have been proposed in the literature for these systems. The use of regenerative-braking in trains is generally recognised as the main tool to improve the efficiency of DC-electrified mass transit railway systems but the energy recovered in braking cannot always be handled efficiently, above all in low traffic-density situations. Several emerging technologies as energy storage systems or reversible traction substations have the potential for making it possible to efficiently use train-braking. However, a systematic evaluation of their effect is missing in the literature.In this paper, a deep, rigorous and comprehensive study on the factors which affect energy issues in a DC-electrified mass transit railway system is carried out. This study clarifies what the actual potential is for energy saving in each situation. Then, a methodology to asses several energy-saving techniques to improve energy efficiency in DC-electrified mass transit systems is presented, constituting the main contribution of this paper. This methodology has been conceived to help operators in assessing the effect of railway-infrastructure emerging technologies in transit systems, so making it possible to shape planning, capacity, etc. It is stepped out in three basic movements. First of all, a traffic-density scan analysis is conducted in order to clarify the effect of the headway on system behaviour. Secondly, several traffic-density scenarios are simulated for a set of infrastructure-expanded cases. Finally, annual energy saving is evaluated by applying a realistic operation timetable. This methodology has been applied to a case study in Madrid Metro (Spain) to illustrate the steps of its application and the effect of several energy-saving techniques on this specific system. Results confirm that regenerative braking generally leads to an important increase of system energy efficiency – especially at high traffic-density scenarios. It has also been proved that infrastructure improvements can also contribute to energy savings and their contributions are more significant at low traffic densities. Annual energy results have been obtained, which may lead to investment decisions by carrying out an appropriate economic assessment based on cost analysis.The main results of the study presented here are likely to apply to other electric traction systems, at least qualitatively.     

大型交叉桥梁转体施工风险模糊控制网络

拟基于相关人员调查、评估小组讨论、专家咨询等方式建立大型交叉转体作业风险因素普查清单,通过模糊综合评判法对转体作业风险等级进行评估,从而制定出适应自身结构物、被交结构物的安全风险控制措施,最终形成转体施工安全风险模糊控制网络。     

基于BP算法的模糊Petri网在铁路客运站行车事故分析中的应用

针对铁路客运站行车事故致因过程的动态性以及事故原因的模糊性,提出了一种Petri网图形建模同模糊控制理论相结合的分析方法.根据具体的事故产生式规则,建立了行车事故的模糊Petri网模型,进一步又将神经网络的BP算法引入到模型参数的学习中,通过给出的模糊推理算法,推理计算出事故的主要原因及可信度.最后将该方法应用到某客运站行车事故分析中,结果证明了其在事故分析中的准确性和可行性.     

新型混合型限流熔断器在舰船综合电力系统中的应用分析

采用中压直流电网输配电是舰船综合电力系统的重点发展方向,但中压直流开关的分断能力不足成为中压直流电网发展的一个重要制约.本文提出在合理位置加装电弧触发式混合型限流熔断器（ATH-CLF）来限制中压直流电网短路电流的方法来解决这一问题.首先以IEEE Std 1709-2010推荐的一种舰船中压直流电网为例,建立了该电网的EMTP仿真模型和ATH-CLF的EMTP仿真模型,计算了有无ATH-CLF以及ATH-CLF安装在不同位置时各典型位置发生短路的电网短路电流及母线电压跌落.分析表明,合理的ATH-CLF加装方案可有效降低短路电流水平,并可使非故障区域的母线电压跌落在10 ms之内恢复.     

军校理论课教学质量评价的模糊网络层次分析

针对某军校现行的理论课教学评价标准存在的主要问题,采用网络层次分析法与模糊综合评价法相结合的方案,提出具体改进措施.首先,着眼教学评价指标间具有较强相互影响的现实,利用网络层次分析法确定各指标权重;其次,构建模糊综合评价模型,提出求解评价结果的思路;最后,采集最近一学期某教员的理论课教学质量评价原始数据,通过实例验证该评价模型的有效性.     

基于MAS舰艇编队协同防空作战决策模型研究

从协作决策的角度重点研究了编队区域防空和点防御区防空火力的协作决策求解模型.其中区域防空火力的协作采用受制的协作方式,应用了“因需设岗”的协作思想,提出了“角色能力匹配＋主客观综合赋权＋直接命令”的协作机制,并针对权重的不确定性引入了多目标模糊决策理论.点防御区的协作采用自治的协作方式,提出了计划融合冲突消解的协作机制.最后,通过实例对协作决策模型进行计算分析,验证了模型的合理性.     

基于模糊层次法的装备管理工作绩效综合评价

对部队装备管理工作进行深入分析的基础上,运用模糊综合评价方法,提出了装备管理工作绩效综合评价指标体系;用层次分析法确定指标体系中各因素的权重,建立了装备管理工作绩效多级综合评价模型;旨在探索对装备管理工作的绩效进行量化分析的方法.     

变论域模糊PID控制在水下输送艇控制中的应用磁

水下输送艇是一种在水下长距离运输人员的载人潜水器,具长有航程和高航速的特点,控制对象具有高度非线性、强耦合和时变性的特点,常规P ID控制器的控制效果不是十分理想。论文针对水下输送艇的研制,将变论域模糊控制和PID控制结合起来,设计了变论域模糊PID控制器,模糊论域可以根据输入输出量的变化进行伸缩,对PID参数进行更优化的在线调整。论文建立了水下输送艇的水平面和垂直面运动数学模型,介绍了变论域模糊 PID控制器的设计方法和伸缩因子的选择方法。M atlab仿真结果表明这种控制方法具有更强的自适应能力。