公路简支板梁桥的病害特征及维修加固措施

就某公路中小跨径简支空心板梁桥普遍存在的顺绞缝方向铺装层混凝土的病害现象和发展过程进行调查分析,并根据病害产生原因,结合其他道路桥梁类似病害的处理措施,有针对性、系统地对所有病害桥梁进行维修加固,取得了较好的效果,其经验可供类似工程参考借鉴。     

地震作用下LRB隔震桥梁碰撞临界间隙分析

采用LRB隔震支座增大了梁体在地震作用下碰撞的可能性,确定隔震梁桥邻跨间避免地震碰撞的最小间隙对于桥梁减隔震措施的设计有着显著意义.以隔震连续梁桥梁端相对位移为研究对象,通过桥梁结构拆分,运用振型分解法推导梁体在地震作用下相对位移的最大值反应谱计算方法.采用等效双线性铅销橡胶支座模型,通过迭代计算梁端相对位移并分析SRSS和CQC振型组合法适用性.采用非线性时程分析法计算连续梁的相对位移,验证了反应谱方法预测梁端地震临界间隙的可行性.结果表明:地震作用下梁端相对位移与相邻结构的周期和阻尼比有关,梁端采用CQC组合的反应谱方法能较好预测梁体在地震作用下梁体避免碰撞的临界间隙.提出了基于反应谱方法隔震桥梁间隙设计方法,可供设计人员参考.     

数值模拟技术在某海堤工程龙口合龙中的应用

在总结多种龙口流速计算公式的基础上,分析各公式具体的适用条件及影响因素。为确定某工程海堤合理的龙口合龙方案,应用数值模拟技术对龙口周边的流速、流场进行计算,计算结果用于确定龙口位置、宽度和结构型式,为工程施工提供有效指导。     

刚度不对称的间隙胶层单搭接接头中应力分布的研究

在考虑接头非线性和胶层弹塑性的前提下，利用有限元方法分析了连续胶层不对称接头和间隙连接不对称接头中胶层内的应力分布情况，并在此基础上对胶层结构进行优化。结果表明，当胶层中有间隙时，由于间隙位置不同而导致应力最大值和其出现的位置有所不同，这对选择接头破坏起始点有着重要的意义；优化结果表明，在载荷为3kN时，胶粘剂的最小用量为35mm^3，为连续胶层的28％，胶粘剂用量显著降低，可明显增加经济效益。     

基于CFD仿真计算的襟翼舵水动力研究

襟翼舵作为一种可靠的、高升力的舵在最近几年内引起了广大设计工作者的重视影响,同时也有不少成熟的研究成果。对襟翼舵的研究主要集中在展弦比,主副舵面积比,转角比等方面,这些因素对襟翼舵的整体影响规律也已得到不少专家的解释。本文主要研究襟翼舵主副舵间间隙大小以及尺度效应对其水动力性能的影响,以普通NACA0020翼型为基本剖面建立不同间隙大小的襟翼舵模型,采用RANS方法计算得到了不同缝隙大小以及不同缩尺比下的襟翼舵升力阻力以及压力分布,并对周围涡结构以及流场进行分析,发现升力系数随着缝隙增大而减小,阻力系数先减小再增大的规律。同时随着襟翼舵尺度的增大,升力系数会随之增大,阻力系数会随之减小。文中以计算模型和实验数据进行对比,两者误差在5%以内,证明了计算结果的可靠性。     

Dynamic Modal Accessibility Gap: Measurement and Application Using Travel Routes Data

Accessibility is a key concept in transportation research and an important indicator of people’s quality of life. With the development of big data analytics, dynamic accessibility that captures the temporal variations of accessibility becomes an important research focus. Few prior studies focus on comparative measures of dynamic accessibility to Points of Interest (POIs) by alternative travel modes. To fill this research gap, we propose a new index called dynamic modal accessibility gap (DMAG), which draws upon available data on residents’ real travel routes using different travel modes, as well as the data on POIs. We study the DMAG in the real-travel covered area, assuming POIs are only useful if it is within someone’s real-travel covered area. We then apply this DMAG methodology to Shanghai’s central city and peripheral area. In both cases, we measure the accessibility for public and private travel modes. As an example, one-week taxi GPS and metro smart card data, and POIs data are used to generate the DMAG index for 30-minute and 60-minute trip durations for weekdays and holidays. Results show that DMAG can reflect the pattern of temporal variations. The proposed DMAG analytical framework, which can be applied at both the user and the system levels, can support urban and transportation planning, and promote social equity and livability.     

矩形顶管隧道接头橡胶圈防水安全限值研究

为研究矩形顶管隧道接头橡胶圈的受力特性和密封性，利用接头细部尺寸关系表达式，计算接头在发生防水失效时的临界状态值，通过有限元软件建立接头安装模型，定量改变接头安装间隙和管节偏转角，将模拟结果与理论计算结果进行对比验证。结果表明： 1）橡胶圈安装力随安装距离的增加表现为先增大到峰值，后减小到定值，且安装间隙的大小对安装力影响显著； 2）橡胶圈压缩高度在8~14 mm时接头防水效果良好，当橡胶圈压缩高度小于8 mm或大于14 mm时，橡胶圈分别因接触压力不足0.3 MPa或过度压缩而不满足规范要求； 3）管节发生偏转时，最大允许的偏转角为0.02 rad，当偏转角进一步增大，依次发生因接触压力不足引起的渗漏水破坏、钢套环与插口管节接触破坏、钢套环与橡胶圈的脱离破坏以及橡胶圈过度压缩导致的破坏。     

Effects of tension gap on the holding capacity of suction anchors

Suction anchors are popular anchoring solutions for station-keeping of offshore floating facilities. For the in-place holding capacity design of these anchors, there is a debate in practice regarding the possibility of developing a tension gap on the rear side of the anchor and how to account for it in design. This study is carried out to shed further light on this debate. Analytical and finite element analyses are reported in this study which investigate: i) the optimal padeye depths and the influencing factors, for both free gapping and no gapping interface conditions; ii) the effect of tension gap on the anchor's holding capacity when the padeye is placed at optimal depths; iii) the effect of tension gap on the anchor's holding capacity when the padeye is placed at non-optimal depths. Strategy to account for tension gap in practical design is provided.     

Optimization of mixed cycle length traffic signals

Mixed cycle length operation has been recommended for networks where individual intersections process considerably different traffic volumes. The signals to operate at lower or higher cycle lengths are determined heuristically. This paper demonstrates that the use of mixed cycle lengths as given by the heuristic is inferior to operation under a common cycle length. This contradicts findings in earlier studies, and the difference in conclusion is due to the use of updated optimization methodology. A procedure for incorporating the allocation of mixed cycle lengths into the global optimization of all signal timing variables by a genetic algorithm is proposed. The mixed cycle length timing plans obtained from this procedure are an improvement over those determined heuristically. Mixed cycle length operation is found to be of a more limited application than indicated in previous studies. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Novel Methods and the Maximum Likelihood Estimation Technique for Estimating Traffic Critical Gap

Most unsignalised intersection capacity calculation procedures are based on gap acceptance models. Accuracy of critical gap estimation affects accuracy of capacity and delay estimation. Several methods have been published to estimate drivers' sample mean critical gap, the Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) technique regarded as the most accurate. This study assesses three novel methods; Average Central Gap (ACG) method, Strength Weighted Central Gap method (SWCG), and Mode Central Gap method (MCG), against MLE for their fidelity in rendering true sample mean critical gaps. A Monte Carlo event based simulation model was used to draw the maximum rejected gap and accepted gap for each of a sample of 300 drivers across 32 simulation runs. Simulation mean critical gap is varied between 3s and 8s, while offered gap rate is varied between 0.05veh/s and 0.55veh/s. This study affirms that MLE provides a close to perfect fit to simulation mean critical gaps across a broad range of conditions. The MCG method also provides an almost perfect fit and has superior computational simplicity and efficiency to the MLE. The SWCG method performs robustly under high flows; however, poorly under low to moderate flows. Further research is recommended using field traffic data, under a variety of minor stream and major stream flow conditions for a variety of minor stream movement types, to compare critical gap estimates using MLE against MCG. Should the MCG method prove as robust as MLE, serious consideration should be given to its adoption to estimate critical gap parameters in guidelines. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.