Influence of local government on port investment: implications of China’s decentralized port governance system

ABSTRACT

The pursuit of better performance by the local government can influence the investment decision-making related to port expansion. This paper compares the ceilings at which the port enterprise and the local government would stop making investments. To achieve this, the benefits to the port enterprise and the local government are measured over a given time period. An empirical study investigating how a port would respond if a rival port uses a type of capacity investment strategy is conducted for two major ports in Liaoning. The time at which the local government and the port enterprise would stop making investments and the final equilibrium are developed using the data from 2010. From the empirical results, it was found that investment in port capacity contributes greatly to the local government’s performance. Meanwhile, different investment ceilings are discovered for the port enterprise and the local government. This research is meaningful for discussing the institutional relationship between the local government and the port enterprise in China’s current decentralized port governance system.

This paper is a revised and expanded version of a paper entitled ‘Port expansion mechanism in the context of political achievement of local government: a special phenomenon in China’ presented at International Association of Maritime Economists 2012 Taipei Conference during 5th September –8th September.     

The U.S. national marine sanctuary program: An analysis of the program's implementation and current issues

Abstract

The U.S. National Marine Sanctuary Program was established in 1972 by Title III of the Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act (16 U.S.C. §1431 et seq.). In this article, we discuss the development of the sanctuary concept, and the original intent of Congress, and analyze how it was applied by the sanctuary program. Differences in interpretation of the program's purpose are examined, including discussion of the multiple‐use management concept, an important but controversial management technique used in the sanctuaries. The continuing efforts by Congress and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration to clarify the program's purpose are investigated. The program's administrative history is explained and the current sanctuaries and active candidates are briefly described. In light of the 1988 reauthorization of the Marine Sanctuary Act, the current issues facing the program are analyzed. Finally, we draw conclusions and make recommendations for the program's future.     

论我国政府在企业国际化进程中的作用

跨国公司在全球经济中拥有举足轻重的作用,世界各国都在发展自己的跨国公司。由于我国企业尚处在国际化的初级阶段,因此我国政府对企业的国际化具有重要影响。本研究了我国企业跨国经营的现状,分析了我国政府关于企业国际化的现行法规和政策,指出了存在的问题,并提出了政府在我国企业国际化过程中应采取的对策。     

轨道交通PPP模式中政府的角色定位

城市轨道交通具有项目投资额巨大、建设周期长、政府财政负担重、运营管理复杂等特点,如何改善城市轨道交通投融资环境,减少投资风险,已经成为相关政府部门和企业单位关注的课题。PPP项目融资模式能吸引大量的私有资本,分担一定时期内项目的建设和运营风险,改善了投融资环境,其中政府对PPP模式的成败起关键作用。从政府作为合作者、监督者、管理者等方面对政府在PPP模式中的定位做深入的探讨,对我国城市轨道交通建设具有一定的指导意义。     

Regional fishery management councils and the display of scientific authority

Abstract

Natural resource management entities such as the Regional Fishery Management Councils established by the Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 depend heavily on science to inform policymakers and to legitimate the policy process. This paper discusses the importance of fishery science to the council system, contrasts the functions of Scientific and Statistical Committees (SSCs) serving the Pacific Fishery Management Council and the New England Fishery Management Council, and remarks on the implications of differences in the display of scientific authority by these SSCs.     

寻找政府与市场的平衡点 --中外行政改革的基本共性分析

公共部门膨胀、公共支出增加及行政效率低下等现象是政府职能扩张的必然结果,而政府职能扩张又源于对政府需求的增加.行政改革中市场机制的引入可以帮助政府实现职能卸载,使对政府的需求转化为对市场的需求,从而避免政府扩张.但市场的局限性也不容忽视,所以从国情出发充分发挥政府与市场的各自优势,确立政府与市场的平衡点,是中外行政改革的基本共性和发展趋势.对我国而言,政府与市场的动态平衡过程正是行政改革的逐渐推进过程.     

论服务型政府信用提升的基础路径

政府讲诚信,守信用,是服务型政府的内在要求和重要体现。而推进政府活动的法治化、深化政府活动的科学化、落实行政执法的为民化、加强政务活动的透明化,是提升政府信用的基础路径。     

公交区域特许经营下的政府监管问题研究——以深圳为例

以深圳市公交特许经营改革为研究案例,就公交区域特许经营改革后政府监管将面临的区域特许经营模式的负面效应、特许经营企业间竞争模式的转变等新形势、新问题进行系统的分析论述,并就完善政府监管问题提出相应建议,可为公交区域经营提供参考。     

公路工程质量政府评价探讨

公路工程质量政府监督管理包括体系的职责、监督的依据、内容与方式等方面。公路质量政府评价遵循系统性、可评价性、规范性和动态性原则,进行行为过程和实体成果质量评价。梅观高速公路扩建工程老桥拆除施工的质量评价据此实行。     

政府创租行为研究

本把我国经济体制转型期租金的来源分为政府无意创组、政府被动创租和政府主动创租三类，分别探讨了它们的微观机制，并且指出，如果在市场机制与政府干预的主从关系上，不是干预服务于市场，而是市场从属于干预，那么政府创租将不可避免。只有使干预服务于市场，才能减少政府创租，从而也才能有效地抑制寻租活动。