Wave and sea level monitoring and prediction in the service module of the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)

The need for a Global Ocean Observing System Global (GOOS) is now widely appreciated. Parts of GOOS are currently being implemented already. In this paper, written on the request of the joint Scientific and Technical Committee of GOOS, we present some of the scientific issues that need to be addressed for the further development of the Ocean and Marine Meteorology Service module of GOOS. This module is concerned with monitoring and prediction of sea level (both tsunamis and storm surges) and wind driven waves (wind–sea and swell), among other things. For each of these we discuss the current state-of-the-art, indicate what observations are needed and make suggestions for future modelling development.     

坡度对波浪统计特征的影响

为了明确坡度对不同波浪统计特征的影响,利用数值模型对波浪在不同坡度斜坡上的传播进行模拟,分析波浪的非线性参数和波高分布等,比较不同坡度下波浪的传播特性。结果表明,在相同条件下,随着波浪在斜坡地形上传播,波高会随着水深的变浅逐渐增大;坡度对于波浪的波高分布具有较大影响,当坡度较大时,波浪传播至斜坡较浅水深时的波高分布接近瑞利分布,当坡度逐渐减小时,相同波高的发生概率逐渐减小;而Ursell参数则不会随着坡度的变化有明显的变化。     

末制导炮弹武器系统射击效能评估方法研究

介绍了改进的灰色关联分析法的工作原理,在分析评估要素的基础上,以改进灰色关联分析法模型为基本框架,建立了末制导炮弹武器系统射击效能的评价模型。     

舰船风浪航行失速的估算方法

将舰船常用的在风浪中失速的估算方法概括为7种,比较了各种方法的普适性、精确性和局限性,以便使用者选用.     

Railway wheel-flat detection and measurement by ultrasound

This work presents an innovative ultrasound technique designed to detect and quantify flats formed in the rolling surface of railway wheels. Differently from other approaches, ultrasonic pulses (Rayleigh waves) are sent over a measuring rail. The variations in the round-trip time of flight (RTOF) of the ultrasound pulse to the rail-wheel contact point allow detecting and quantifying the wheel-flats. In spite of the wear state of the irregularity, the method provides the loss of material and the length of the flat originally formed by abrasion. A theoretical background supports the technique which offers many advantages for railway maintenance. Simulations and experimental results match the expected ones.     

井筒与输油管线的物理防蜡技术综述

文中通过对大量相关文献的分析总结,对目前各大油田常用的物理防蜡技术的发展历史、工作原理、适用环境以及使用条件进行了归纳、介绍,并对这些防蜡技术在实验室中的实验结果和近年来油田使用后的效果进行了分析总结.这些防蜡技术的分类介绍为各大油田在实践中面临不同采油条件和原油组分时筛选防蜡方法提供了理论性的依据,也为防蜡技术的进一...     

Scheduling of Intelligent and Autonomous Vehicles under pairing/unpairing collaboration strategy in container terminals

A new class of Intelligent and Autonomous Vehicles (IAVs) has been designed in the framework of Intelligent Transportation for Dynamic Environment (InTraDE) project funded by European Union. This type of vehicles is technologically superior to the existing Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs), in many respects. They offer more flexibility and intelligence in maneuvering within confined spaces where the logistic operations take place. This includes the ability of pairing/unpairing enabling a pair of 1-TEU (20-foot Equivalent Unit) IAVs dynamically to join, transport containers of any size between 1-TEU and 1-FFE (40-foot Equivalent) and disjoin again. Deploying IAVs helps port operators to remain efficient in coping with the ever increasing volume of container traffic at ports and eliminate the need for deploying more 40-ft transporters in the very confined area of ports. In order to accommodate this new feature of IAVs, we review and extend one of the existing mixed integer programming models of AGV scheduling in order to minimize the makespan of operations for transporting a set of containers of different sizes between quay cranes and yard cranes. In particular, we study the case of Dublin Ferryport Terminal. In order to deal with the complexity of the scheduling model, we develop a Lagrangian relaxation-based decomposition approach equipped with a variable fixing procedure and a primal heuristics to obtain high-quality solution of instances of the problem.     

Initial results from long-term measurements of atmospheric humidity and related parameters in the marine boundary layer at two locations in the Gulf of Mexico

Measurements of boundary layer moisture have been acquired from Rotronic MP-100 sensors deployed on two NDBC buoys in the northern Gulf of Mexico from June through November 1993. For one sensor, which was retrieved approximately 8 months after deployment, the post- and precalibrations agreed closely and fell well within WMO specifications for accuracy. The second sensor operated continuously from June 1993 to February 1997 (3.5 years). Buoy observations of relative humidity and supporting data were used to calculate specific humidity and the surface fluxes of latent and sensible heat. Specific humidities from the buoys were compared with observations of moisture obtained from nearby ship reports, and the correlations were generally high (0.7–0.9). Surface gravity wave spectra were also acquired. The time series of specific humidity and the other buoy parameters revealed three primary scales of variability, small (h), synoptic (days), and seasonal (months). The synoptic variability was clearly dominant and occurred primarily during September, October, and November. Most of the synoptic variability was due to frontal systems that dropped down into the Gulf of Mexico from the continental US followed by air masses which were cold and dry. Cross-correlation analyses of the buoy data indicated that: (1) the moisture field was highly coherent over distances of 800 km or more in the northern Gulf of Mexico; and (2) both specific humidity and air temperature served as tracers of the motion associated with propagating atmospheric disturbances. These correlation analyses also revealed that the prevailing weather systems generally entered the buoy domain from the South prior to September, but primarily from the North thereafter. Spectra of the various buoy parameters indicated strong diurnal and semidiurnal variability for barometric pressure and sea surface temperature (SST) and lesser variability for air temperature, wind speed and significant wave height. The surface fluxes of latent and sensible heat were dominated by the synoptic events which took place from September through November with the transfer of latent heat being primarily from the ocean to the atmosphere. Finally, an analysis of the surface wave observations from each buoy, which included calculations of wave age and estimates of surface roughness, indicate that major heat and moisture flux events coincide with periods of active wave growth, although the data were insufficient to identify any causal relationships.     

船载货物单元在非规则波中系固有效性校核的一种评价方法

货物单元在运输中,合理系固是确保船舶安全的重要因素,而系固方案制定后,如何针对实际海况对其系固效果进行正确评价则是货物系固的关键.在非规则波的基础上,充分考虑到各自由度运动之间的耦合影响,提出一种更为贴近海上实际的系固有效性校核的评价方法,同时将风力、波溅力、摩擦力等因素考虑到此方法当中,由此得出的结论会更客观.也为完善系固方案提供了依据,并可作为《货物积载和系固安全操作规则(CSS Code)》的补充.     

高速列车通过隧道时诱发车厢内压力波动的数值分析

在假定列车车体为均匀多孔车体的基础上,根据一维可压缩非定常不等熵流动理论与广义黎曼特征线法,研制了高速列车通过隧道过程中诱发车厢内外空气瞬变压力耦合的计算方法和计算程序。其中,基于热力学第一定律的“充排法”建立了车厢内压力波动的计算方法,并成功地将该方法推广应用于隧道内会车条件下车厢内压力的计算分析中。通过与国外试验数据的验证表明了本文计算方法与程序的正确性,为准确合理地计算高速列车通过隧道时诱发车厢内瞬变压力提供了可靠的分析工具。