基于GIS的我国近海外来生物入侵时空演变数据库系统构建方案研究

海洋生物入侵已成为世界海洋生态环境面临的四大问题之一。我国目前针对海洋外来生物入侵的数据资料缺乏,且未形成时空分布的数据系统。本文通过文献查找、资料收集与历史数据整理,现场调研等多种手段,拟掌握我国近海外来生物入侵时空演变历史及现状,提出基于GIS软件的数据库系统的建设方案。本系统的建设可实现海洋入侵物种查询,外来入侵物种判定、不同时期下,外来生物入侵我国近海海域的发生地点、入侵种类、灾害发生时间、灾害影响的对比分析等功能。     

潜艇空气污染与污染检测技术

根据国内外潜艇舱室大气污染的状况,论述了舱室主要污染物的来源、对人体的危害和污染物检测技术及发展趋势,为我国开展潜艇大气控制技术研究提供依据。     

膨胀土地区公路边坡绿化植物种类组合研究

膨胀土地区公路边坡绿化植物种类组合研究按文献研究、实地考察、室内分析三个方面的研究进行,通过对草本、木本植物固坡及水土保持功能以及草本、木本植物群落特点的比较,结合依托工程,得出了三个膨胀土路域最佳人工植物群落组合,这对于膨胀土地区公路边坡绿化防护具有重要的指导价值。     

纳米氧化锌对大鼠肝及肝癌细胞的毒性效应

目的研究氧化锌纳米颗粒引致大鼠肝细胞(BRL-3A)和大鼠肝癌细胞(CBRH-7919)毒性的潜在机制。方法不同浓度(0.1～100mg/L)的氧化锌纳米颗粒与细胞相互作用不同时间(12～48h)后,检测细胞的生存率及细胞生成的活性氧(ROS)和谷胱甘肽(GSH)浓度的变化。结果氧化锌纳米颗粒以浓度依赖模式及时间依赖模式诱导细胞毒性,且大鼠肝癌细胞对氧化锌纳米颗粒的耐受性好于正常大鼠肝细胞;ROS的浓度变化与GSH浓度变化的关系及其与细胞生存率变化的关系都呈负相关,即氧化锌纳米颗粒诱导的细胞毒性是通过氧化应激产生作用的。结论本研究揭示了纳米颗粒诱导的细胞毒性在不同种类的细胞间存在差异,这一结果有利于准确评估纳米材料对生物机体的整体毒性效应,并为应用纳米材料科学、合理地治疗肿瘤提供了依据。     

艇用富液式铅酸蓄电池有害气体研究

艇用富液式铅酸蓄电池在使用过程中,易析出氢气、砷化氢、硫酸蒸汽等有毒有害气体.本文详细介绍了以上气体对人和设备的危害、产生的电化学原理以及消除方法,以为相关科研生产提供改进参考.     

浅谈降低车内有害挥发物(VOC),实施整车气味管理

近来社会不时有关于汽车内异味或者是有害挥发物超标致病的新闻,车内异味已成为严重影响我国消费者感知质量的重要问题,车内空气质量安全已引起全社会的广泛关注。本文浅谈汽车气味管理流程以及改善对策,以及怎样降低车内有害挥发物至标准范围内,如何保证车内气味安全。     

绿色船舶技术发展趋势

本文简单介绍国际上特别是国际海事组织(IMO)对航运界防止船舶造成水污染和空气污染的发展趋向,探讨绿色(环保)船舶的概念和设计建造要求。     

Distribution of diatoms in the Northeast Water Polynya, Greenland

This study formed part of the Northeast Water project (NEW project) which dealt with physical, geophysical and biological processes in the Northeast Water Polynya off Northeast Greenland. This was part of the International Arctic Polynya Programme (IAPP). The diatom composition of the water masses, sea ice and melt ponds was analysed to show the relationship between ice and the water column near the ice with regard to the origin and fate of the cells in the ice and melt ponds. Fragilariopsis oceanica, Fragiliria sp. I and Chaetoceros socialis usually dominated the phytoplankton, while the ice and melt pond samples showed a wide range of assemblages, with different single-celled pennates and two undescribed species, Navicula sp. 1 and Nitzschia sp. 1 often dominant. Planktonic algae in sea ice can be released into the water column during ice break-up and melt, thus contributing to the spring bloom in the water column, if the timing of the release and the species composition are correct. The number of different ice algal assemblages supports the theory that cells originated from the water column, the benthos and freshwater. In addition, differential growth in the sea ice or melt ponds often altered the relative abundance of species in comparison with what is usually found in their original habitat. However, many of the cells in the ice and melt ponds were dead (empty frustules), making it difficult to determine whether the cells had actually lived in these habitats.     

真菌密度感应分子Farnesol在表皮葡萄球菌和白假丝酵母菌混合生物膜形成中的作用

目的探讨真菌密度感应分子Farnesol在表皮葡萄球菌和白假丝酵母菌混合生物膜形成中的作用。方法将表皮葡萄球菌标准株ATCC35984及白假丝酵母菌标准株ATCC10231混合培养建立体外生物膜模型,加入Farnesol或不加入Farnesol分为Farnesol处理组和对照组,孵育2、4、6、8、12、24、48、72、96h时用结晶紫染色法半定量检测生物膜形成能力;二甲氧唑黄(XTT)比色法评价生物膜的体外生长动力学;扫描电子显微镜观察生物膜超微结构;荧光定量PCR分析各组生物膜形成相关基因的表达情况。结果结晶紫染色法生物膜半定量检测显示,12、24hFarnesol处理组和对照组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。XTT比色法生长动力学检测显示,Farnesol处理组在4、48h与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。扫描电镜结果显示,对照组混合生物膜结构较Farnesol处理组致密复杂。荧光定量PCR结果显示,培养6hFarnesol处理组表皮葡萄球菌生物膜形成相关基因icaA、fbe、aap基因及白假丝酵母菌生物膜形成相关基因als3、hwp1、efg1基因的表达下调;培养24hFarnesol处理组表皮葡萄球菌生物膜形成相关基因aap基因及白假丝酵母菌生物膜形成相关基因als3、hwp1、efg1基因的表达下调。结论在真菌密度感应分子Farnesol的干预下,对照组形成的混合生物膜较Farnesol处理组结构更为致密及复杂,这种结构的改变可能与Farnesol处理组白假丝酵母菌生物膜形成相关基因als3、hwp1、efg1基因的表达下调相关性更密切。     

Small scale retentive structures and Dinophysis

Despite its rarity, Dinophysis acuminata is in terms of economic impact, the first toxic algal species along the coasts of Western Europe. It is observed at low levels (< 20 cell l^− 1) all the year round but toxic events occur mainly in late spring and summer. D. acuminata ecophysiology is largely unknown due to the inability to culture it. Therefore, standard biomass models based on inorganic nutrition are largely inadequate. Presently, any progress in describing the conditions of population growth of this species will be a step forward to prediction of harmful events at the coast. This species has been observed at increased, albeit low cell densities in retentive eddies located in pycnocline layers. A concentration build-up of one species results from the balance between growth and loss processes, one of the latter being dispersal. The scales of interest for a D. acuminata population are of the order of 10 nautical miles on the horizontal and duration of 10 days, for a reported achievable growth rate of 0.6 day^− 1. A three dimensional (3D) hydrodynamical model of the Bay of Biscay has been elaborated to reproduce hydrological structures over the last decade. We attempt here to relate the existence of retentive structures revealed from simulations under realistic forcing conditions and the toxic coastal events recorded in the 10-year time series of the French plankton monitoring network database. The eddies in the coastal area appear to be directly related with the Dinophysis coastal events and they may be a potential effective tool to predict those.