视屏显示终端的职业危害

本文进行了视屏显示终端职业危害因素的监测及对操作人员身体影响的评价,表明其具有诸多的职业危害因素,主要为不良的微气候和空气离子状态,较低的照度、较强的噪声,尚有一定量的X线幅射及不良的人机关系。上述复杂的危害因素形成多方面的健康效应,主要表现在神经系统、精神行为、眼、骨骼肌、女性月经和生育方面,但以视屏显示终端作业工作量大的18岁～25岁年龄组较为明显。提示需加强对视屏显示终端作业人员综合性的职业卫生防护措施。     

Motorway crash duration and its determinants: do durations vary across motorways?

Traffic congestion has been a growing issue in many metropolitan areas during recent years, which necessitates the identification of its key contributors and development of sustainable strategies to help decrease its adverse impacts on traffic networks. Road incidents generally and crashes specifically have been acknowledged as the cause of a large proportion of travel delays in urban areas and account for 25% to 60% of traffic congestion on motorways. Identifying the critical determinants of travel delays has been of significant importance to the incident management systems, which constantly collect and store the incident duration data. This study investigates the individual and simultaneous differential effects of the relevant determinants on motorway crash duration probabilities. In particular, it applies parametric Accelerated Failure Time (AFT) hazard‐based models to develop in‐depth insights into how the crash‐specific characteristic and the associated temporal and infrastructural determinants impact the duration. AFT models with both fixed and random parameters have been calibrated on one year of traffic crash records from two major Australian motorways in South East Queensland, and the differential effects of determinants on crash survival functions have been studied on these two motorways individually. A comprehensive spectrum of commonly used parametric fixed parameter AFT models, including generalized gamma and generalized F families, has been compared with random parameter AFT structures in terms of goodness of fit to the duration data, and as a result, the random parameter Weibull AFT model has been selected as the most appropriate model. Significant determinants of motorway crash duration included traffic diversion requirement, crash injury type, number and type of vehicles involved in a crash, day of week and time of day, towing support requirement and damage to the infrastructure. A major finding of this research is that the motorways under study are significantly different in terms of crash durations; such that motorway 1 exhibits durations that are on average 19% shorter compared with the durations on motorway 2. The differential effects of explanatory variables on crash durations are also different on the two motorways. The detailed presented analysis confirms that looking at the motorway network as a whole, neglecting the individual differences between roads, can lead to erroneous interpretations of duration and inefficient strategies for mitigating travel delays along a particular motorway.     

LNG燃料船采用趸船加注的定量风险评估

LNG燃料船在内河水域采用趸船加注是一种可行的方式。为有效评估趸船作业中的风险,选定一艘内河LNG加注趸船,对其为一艘1万载重吨运输船加注过程开展了定量风险评估。依据评估流程,依据危险源辨识结果筛选出高危场景,同时依据国际权威数据库对高危场景进行概率分析。采用三维计算流体力学软件FLACS模拟高危场景后果,确定安全距离,并计算各场景的个人风险值。依据国内公认的风险接受准则,画出作业区域个人风险等值曲线并确定作业安全距离,保障趸船LNG加注作业的安全。     

公路风吹雪灾害缓解技术研究

针对公路风吹雪灾害危害现状,提出风吹雪雪害防治“标本兼治、以本为主”的原则。采取多种形式,特别是研究并利用挡雪墙这一工程措施治理风吹雪灾害,为公路建设、养护、管理提供技术支持与保障。     

基于数据挖掘的燃气管道风险评估模型的优化

通过燃气管道风险评估可以增强燃气公司对燃气管道安全情况的了解,降低整个管网的运行风险,有效地节约管理维护成本,文中引入并修改了的国外比较成熟的燃气管道风险评估模型,为上海市北燃气管道风险评估系统的开发奠定了坚实的基础,而运用数据挖掘技术则解决了该模型系统参数设定中的问题,使得评估模型更加贴近上海市北燃气管网的实际情况.     

拱式结构几何非线性分析的样条有限点法

提出了用样条有限点法(SFPM)分析拱式结构几何非线性问题。以位移u和w作为基本未知量,采用3次B样条函数作为位移函数,从最小势能原理出发,建立了样条离散化的非线性刚度方程,推导了非线性刚度矩阵的精确显式。     

随机截断数据的非参数积累生存风险估计的强相合性

本文计论了对于随机截断数据情形,积累生存风险Λ(t)的Nelson估 计和peterson估计的强相合性,并得至,1其收敛速度为O(n-1/2ln1/2n)。      

水泥混凝土路面功能性破坏的预防与处理

结合工程实践,分析了水泥混凝土路面功能性破坏的种类,并结合路面破坏类型提出了路面板维修及更换的施工措施。     

浅析冬季水泥砼施工

介绍了水泥砼在冬季施工中,温度对砼强度与耐久性的影响,并提出了避免早期受冻形成的措施。     

水泥砼路面板破坏的原因及其防治

结合我省已建成通车的高等级公路的使用情况,从路基施工、路面基层施工、台背处理、路面面层施工及路面排水处理等方面分析水泥混凝土路面破坏的原因及其防治措施。