Accommodating preference heterogeneity in commuting mode choice: an empirical investigation in Shaoxing,China

A latent class model is developed to accommodate preference heterogeneity across commuters with respect to their mode choice between electric bike, private car, and public bus within the context of China. A three-segment solution – ‘electric bike individuals’, ‘private car addicts’, and ‘public bus enthusiasts’ – is identified, each characterized by heterogeneous preferences regarding specific mode attributes and unique socio-demographic profile. The choice model confirms the determinative effects of perceived alternative attributes on commuting mode choice, while the traditionally used objective attributes – travel time and cost – are found to have relatively small influences. The membership model provides solid explanations for these segment-specific preferences. This study provides a better understanding of the nature of mode choice behavior, which can be useful for strategies tailored to a specific segment in order to promote the use of sustainable transport modes.     

The endogeneity of OECD gasoline taxes: Evidence from pair-wise,heterogeneous panel long-run causality tests

Despite the current interest in using fuel taxes as an instrument for climate policy, there has been little study of current automotive fuel tax regimes. We expand on two earlier cross-sectional studies on why fuel taxes differ across countries by using OECD panel data and employing heterogeneous panel cointegration and long-run panel Granger-causality techniques. We confirm some of those earlier studies’ conclusions. Further, we find that governments that rely on consumption-based taxes for revenues will have higher gasoline tax rates (than governments that rely on income and wealth/property-based taxes). But more significantly, we determine that higher gasoline demand among consumers “causes” democratic governments to set lower gasoline taxes—a finding with important implications for today’s climate/energy policy debate.     

Determinants of ground transport modal choice in long-distance trips in Spain

In transport economics, modeling modal choice is a fundamental key for policy makers trying to improve the sustainability of transportation systems. However, existing empirical literature has focused on short-distance travel within urban systems. This paper contributes to the limited number of investigations on mode choice in medium- and long-distance travel. The main objective of this research is to study the impacts of socio-demographic and economic variables, land-use features and trip attributes on long-distance travel mode choice. Using data from 2007 Spanish National Mobility Survey we apply a multilevel multinomial logit model that accounts for the potential problem of spatial heterogeneity in order to explain long-distance travel mode choice. This approach permits us to compute how the probability of choosing among private car, bus and train varies depending on the traveler spatial location at regional level. Results indicate that travelers characteristics, trip features, cost of usage of transport modes and geographical variables have significant impacts on long-distance mode choice.     

基于BWM 的中欧班列客户需求偏好异质性研究

中欧班列沿线运输能力短缺现象日益严峻，充分了解客户需求偏好能为高效利用现有运输能力提供参考. 采用最佳-最差方法(Best Worst Method, BWM)在市场调查的基础上，对中欧班列客户需求偏好进行研究，并对结果进行二阶聚类分析，揭示客户需求偏好异质性.BWM结果显示，运输成本是中欧班列客户整体最偏好指标，相比于运输成本和运输时间，并结合铁路运输自身特点，可靠性最适合中欧班列发展为其特色. 二阶聚类结果显示，将运输服务质量与运价相结合，可以在满足客户异质性需求的基础上，更好地利用中欧班列现有运输能力.     

基于CML的级联失效下异质多层交通网络节点抵抗特性研究

为了有效刻画拟合实际的多层交通网络级联失效过程，识别多层网络中对整体韧性安全影响显著的对象，提升交通网络抵抗失效的能力，建立一种基于耦合映象格子（Coupled Map Lattice， CML）的级联失效模型。首先，将交通管控措施赋予交通网络节点额外的容纳能力引申为节点抵抗特性，通过为CML添加抵抗参数H，形成考虑抵抗特性的级联失效（HCML）模型，沿常值-拓扑关联-时变拓扑关联的路径深化H的表征方式，并在小世界（Small World， SW）网络上对比3类表征方式的优劣；其次，应用Space H方法建立异质3层公共交通网络，对比度值与介数2种时变拓扑指标关联的抵抗效果，探究不同交通层抵抗系数对网络失效的影响程度；最后，在6组不同的网络结构上进行HCML模型与传统模型的对比，讨论建网方法、网络规模等不同网络性质的差异对模型有效性的影响，并结合实际客运数据验证HCML模型优越性。研究结果表明：3类表征方式中时变拓扑关联可以兼顾其余2类的优点；同等条件中网络在介数关联的抵抗特性作用下失效增速更缓，模型识别得到的对网络整体失效影响更大交通方式符合客流量实际；HCML模型在多种不同类型的多层交通网络中均可以有效实施，相比于传统模型，HCML模型的最终失效比例平均下降了5.78%，与实际交通级联失效过程更加拟合。     

Are consumers willing to pay to let cars drive for them? Analyzing response to autonomous vehicles

Autonomous vehicles use sensing and communication technologies to navigate safely and efficiently with little or no input from the driver. These driverless technologies will create an unprecedented revolution in how people move, and policymakers will need appropriate tools to plan for and analyze the large impacts of novel navigation systems. In this paper we derive semiparametric estimates of the willingness to pay for automation. We use data from a nationwide online panel of 1260 individuals who answered a vehicle-purchase discrete choice experiment focused on energy efficiency and autonomous features. Several models were estimated with the choice microdata, including a conditional logit with deterministic consumer heterogeneity, a parametric random parameter logit, and a semiparametric random parameter logit. We draw three key results from our analysis. First, we find that the average household is willing to pay a significant amount for automation: about $3500 for partial automation and $4900 for full automation. Second, we estimate substantial heterogeneity in preferences for automation, where a significant share of the sample is willing to pay above $10,000 for full automation technology while many are not willing to pay any positive amount for the technology. Third, our semiparametric random parameter logit estimates suggest that the demand for automation is split approximately evenly between high, modest and no demand, highlighting the importance of modeling flexible preferences for emerging vehicle technology.     

建成环境对老年人交通事故严重程度异质性影响

为量化建成环境因素对事故伤害严重程度的影响,本文构建基于均值和方差异质性的随机参数Logit模型对老年人交通事故伤害严重程度进行异质性分析。采用2019年美国某州老年人交通事故数据,从老年人特性、车辆特性、道路特性、道路环境特性、建成环境特性这5个方面选取17个影响因素,利用平均弹性系数捕捉各因素对事故伤害严重程度的影响。结果表明：基于均值和方差异质性随机参数Logit模型的拟合优度更高;建成环境因素中事故发生地300 m缓冲区 内存在购物中心为随机变量,其均值与男性老年人、车道数为3显著相关,方差与道路控制方式为未控制显著相关;摩托车、直线、湿润等因素显著增加了老年人交通事故伤害严重程度。研究结果有助于交通管理者采取适当的策略降低老年人交通事故伤害严重程度。     

基于均值异质性随机参数Logit模型的城市道路事故驾驶员受伤严重程度研究

驾驶员事故严重程度诱因分析对减少伤亡事故具有重要意义,以往研究假定影响变量为固定参数容易导致参数估计及研究推论出现偏差,据此本文基于均值异质性的随机参数Logit模型深入研究城市道路事故驾驶员受伤严重程度.使用2015—2019年发生在贵阳市的道路交通事故数据,综合考虑驾驶员、车辆、道路、环境特征等潜在影响因素,同时利...     

Time-dependent area-based pricing for multimodal systems with heterogeneous users in an agent-based environment

In this paper, we investigate an area-based pricing scheme for congested multimodal urban networks with the consideration of user heterogeneity. We propose a time-dependent pricing scheme where the tolls are iteratively adjusted through a Proportional–Integral type feedback controller, based on the level of vehicular traffic congestion and traveler’s behavioral adaptation to the cost of pricing. The level of congestion is described at the network level by a Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram, which has been recently applied to develop network-level traffic management strategies. Within this dynamic congestion pricing scheme, we differentiate two groups of users with respect to their value-of-time (which related to income levels). We then integrate incentives, such as improving public transport services or return part of the toll to some users, to motivate mode shift and increase the efficiency of pricing and to attain equitable savings for all users. A case study of a medium size network is carried out using an agent-based simulator. The developed pricing scheme demonstrates high efficiency in congestion reduction. Comparing to pricing schemes that utilize similar control mechanisms in literature which do not treat the adaptivity of users, the proposed pricing scheme shows higher flexibility in toll adjustment and a smooth behavioral stabilization in long-term operation. Significant differences in behavioral responses are found between the two user groups, highlighting the importance of equity treatment in the design of congestion pricing schemes. By integrating incentive programs for public transport using the collected toll revenue, more efficient pricing strategies can be developed where savings in travel time outweigh the cost of pricing, achieving substantial welfare gain.     

INTRATUMORAL DNA PLOID HETEROGENEITY IN ESOPHAGEAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA

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