基于有限状态机的自动切换机制的设计与实现

为应对各种复杂的无线通信环境,如乒乓效应、快速切换、异构网切换等问题,介绍一种基于有限状态机的移动终端自动切换的控制方法,通过记录状态对各种正常以及异常事件的响应,构建完备的有限状态机对终端的切换过程进行自动控制.本文还介绍了自动切换机制在实脸网络中的实现过程.结果表明,采用有限状态机控制的切换过程能够很好地处理各种可预见的事件,根据实际情况灵活调节各种参数,提高切换的灵活性和稳定可控性.     

大型分布式异构环境下的视频监控和录像控制

城市轨道交通大多为地下封闭型的建筑,其安全性尤为重要。利用现有的轨道交通安全防范系统,用最小的投资,建设大型分布式异构环境下的视频监控和录像控制系统,为轨道交通的安全运行,保护乘客的安全发挥更大的作用。     

Including heavy vehicles in a car‐following model: modelling,calibrating and validating

Heavy vehicles influence general traffic in many different ways compared with passenger vehicles, and this may result in different levels of traffic instability. Increases in the number and proportion of heavy vehicles in the traffic stream will therefore result in different traffic flow conditions. This research initially outlines the different car‐following behaviour of drivers in congested heterogeneous traffic conditions indicating the necessity for developing a car‐following model, which includes these differences. A psychophysical car‐following model, similar in form to Weideman's car‐following model, was developed. Due to the complexity of the developed model, the calibration of the model was undertaken using a particle swarm optimisation algorithm with the data recorded under congested traffic conditions. This was then incorporated into a traffic microsimulation model. The results showed that the car‐following perceptual thresholds and thus action points of drivers differ based on their vehicle and the lead vehicle types. The inclusion of the heavy vehicles in the model showed significant impacts on the traffic dynamic and interactions amongst different vehicles. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Estimating link travel time functions for heterogeneous traffic flows on freeways

Oversized vehicles, such as trucks, significantly contribute to traffic delays on freeways. Heterogeneous traffic populations, that is, those consisting of multiple vehicles types, can exhibit more complicated travel behaviors in the operating speed and performance, depending on the traffic volume as well as the proportions of vehicle types. In order to estimate the component travel time functions for heterogeneous traffic flows on a freeway, this study develops a microscopic traffic‐simulation based four‐step method. A piecewise continuous function is proposed for each vehicle type and its parameters are estimated using the traffic data generated by a microscopic traffic simulation model. The illustrated experiments based on VISSIM model indicate that (i) in addition to traffic volume, traffic composition has significant influence on the travel time of vehicles and (ii) the respective estimations for travel time of heterogeneous flows could greatly improve their estimation accuracy. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Modelling of motorised two-wheelers: a review of the literature

Motorised two-wheeler (MTW) has emerged as the most widely used transportation mode for short distance trips in many Asian and European countries because of its affordable price and flexibility in manoeuvring through traffic. Its small size and aggressive riding patterns can considerably affect the overall traffic flow characteristics and safety. Modelling the characteristic behaviour and complex movement patterns of motorised two-wheelers is essential due to their pronounced role in microscopic traffic simulations, traffic management strategies, safety evaluation, transport planning and intelligent transportation systems. This paper begins with an overview of the determinant factors used for MTW modelling, followed by a critical review of various modelling approaches that have been adopted to depict the movement patterns of MTWs. The review concentrates on (i) identifying the factors mostly studied with respect to MTW-research, (ii) discussing the potential and limitations of each modelling approach and (iii) reporting some of the aspects that need further consideration for modelling MTWs in heterogeneous mixed traffic streams. The findings of the paper suggest that an integrated approach can be more viable to depict the unique riding patterns of motorised two-wheelers and some possible directions for future studies are also proposed.     

JSON数据交换格式在异构系统集成中的应用研究

针对现代计算科学中的异构系统集成问题以及其数据交换格式的选择问题,本文分析了通用的XML技术的不足,介绍了新一代的JSON数据交换格式的概念、特点及其对数据的表示形式,研究对比了JSON技术的优越性,并在此基础上以一种异构系统集成方案为研究对象,探讨了在该领域使用轻量级的JSON技术作为数据传输格式的可行性.     

基于XML的分布式异构数据库变化捕捉及动态同步系统实现

针对分布式异构数据库在网络环境下变化数据的捕捉与同步更新存在的问题,本文采用基于触发器的捕捉方法实现异构数据库之间同步策略,研究并解决了一对多映射环境下的同步问题.理论分析和实验结果表明,该方法在实际应用中具有重要意义.     

面向智能网联交通系统的模块化柔性试验场

为了给智能网联试验场设计与建设提供参考,分析了智能网联交通系统中测试技术的研究现状;结合长安大学车联网与智能汽车试验场的测试和研究经验,提出了一种面向智能网联交通系统的模块化柔性试验场,该试验场包括应用场景、感知发布、网络链路和管理服务4个层次。应用场景层通过模拟真实场景中的天气、道路和交通条件,验证智能网联交通设备和服务在不同环境、不同场景的适应性;感知发布层通过摄像头、激光雷达、毫米波雷达等传感设备以及可变情报板等信息发布设备,实现环境数据及交通信息的采集,并下发相应的控制信息和服务信息;网络链路层由车载异构网络构成,通过网络间的协同工作,为应用场景层和感知发布层的设备提供网络信息服务;管理服务层负责下层数据的存储、备份、处理和可视化,并实现下层测试设备的管理与维护。在上述模块化平台的基础上,开发智能网联汽车室内测试台架,配合试验场进行交通场景构建、测试场景复现和单一要素分析,实现智能网联交通的柔性场景测试。结果表明：所提出的试验场具有标准化的测试条件,可控可追踪的测试流程和科学的测试评价体系,能够模拟真实的道路交通场景,提高智能网联相关技术的开发和测试效率。该试验场的建设、推广与应用,能够推进智能网联和无人驾驶技术从理论研究到实际应用的转化,为实现未来交通信息服务和交通系统的创新与变革起到至关重要的作用。     

考虑异质性出行需求的主支线公交树网络优化设计

公交线网优化设计是指在一定的运行约束条件下,选择1组公交线路和相关频率以达到优化目标的设计过程,可以表示为一个优化问题。针对具有高异质性出行需求的主支线公交树网络,在考虑客流需求和运营约束的前提下,以用户和运营者的成本最小为目标,提出了1种多目标非线性混合整数优化模型。优化变量为候选线路服务频率。为求解这一模型,设计了1种基于改进的布谷鸟算法的高效元启发式方法。该方法包括初始候选路线集生成过程;基于MNL模型的公交分配过程;确定路线服务频率的改进布谷鸟算法过程。通过算例验证了该方法的有效性和适用性。数值分析结果表明,该算法通过对所有可能的候选路径的服务频率选择得到接近最优的公交线路网络。另一方面,通过保持高峰时的公交线路为有效备择线路,为具有异质性出行需求的网络的重新设计提供了更好的解决方案。此外,该系统在1次运行中产生了1组帕累托解,其允许公交线网设计师评估运营商成本和乘客成本并做出折中方案。通过比较3种算法的计算结果和CPU时间,证明了改进的布谷鸟算法的可靠性和有效性。另外还研究了最优公交网络设计与公交运行速度、总需求规模等关键设计输入参数之间的关系,分析结果表明,关键设计输入参数与最优公交网络具有一定的协同效应。模型与算法为实际的大规模主支线公交树网络的优化设计提供了1种有效的工具。     

智能网联环境下异质交通流基本图和稳定性分析

为研究人工驾驶车辆和智能网联车辆（CAVs）的混合运行对交通流产生的影响,以其基本图和稳定性为突破口研究提高异质交通流运行效率的关键技术与方法。选择全速度差模型（FVDM）作为人工驾驶车辆跟驰模型,将加州伯克利分校实车数据标定的协同自适应巡航控制（CACC）模型作为CAVs跟驰模型。建立了异质交通流基本图模型,研究了CACC车辆的混入对道路通行能力的影响;对比了不同人工驾驶模型对异质流通行能力产生的差异性。从大车-小车组成的传统异质交通流研究方法入手,利用跟驰模型建立人工-网联异质流的稳定性解析方法,并运用Matlab验证了不同CACC比例下的稳定性分析。结果表明：与人工驾驶交通流相比,CACC同质交通流的道路通行能力大约提升了95%;实验中选用不同人工驾驶模型对通行能力实验结果造成的差异不大。平衡态速度为15 m/s时,低比例CAVs（如低于20%）并不能改善交通流;当CAVs比例达到20%及以上时,异质流稳定性随着CAVs的比例增加逐渐呈现出稳定趋势;当CAVs比例达到70%以上时,异质流基本稳定。