Modification of the Highway Capacity Manual two‐lane highway analysis procedure for Spanish conditions

The US Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) methodology is used in Spain to evaluate traffic operation and quality of service. The effect of passing manoeuvre on two‐lane highway operational performance is considered through adjustment factors to average travel speeds and percent time spent following. The procedure is largely based on simulations in TWOPAS and passing behaviours observed during US calibrations in the 1970s. It is not clear whether US driving behaviour and vehicles' performance are comparable with Spanish conditions. The objective of this research is to adapt the HCM 2010 methodology to Spanish driver behaviour, for base conditions (i.e. no passing restrictions). To do so, TWOPAS was calibrated and validated based on current Spanish passing field data. The calibration used a genetic algorithm. The case study included an ideal two‐lane highway with varying directional traffic flow rate, directional split and percentage of trucks. The updated methodology for base conditions is simpler than the current HCM 2010 and does not rely on interpolation from tables. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

隧道长度对瞬变压力的影响

与阻塞比和车速不同,隧道长度对瞬变压力的影响呈现出明显的非单调性。这是在高速铁路隧道设计中必须考虑的问题。根据现场实测资料,研究分析了压力波的传播、反射和叠加规律,提出了单线隧道相应于压力变化不同情况的"最不利隧道长度"的计算图表及公式。     

照明长度和亮度随车速变化的隧道照明智能控制系统研究

随着我国交通运输业日益发达,越来越多的公路隧道投入运营,其安全性和运营成本之间的矛盾也越来越受到关注,如何在保证隧道运营安全的前提下,尽可能的降低运营成本成为亟待解决的难题。本文从隧道照明安全节能的角度出发,提出一种根据车速改变加强照明区段长度的隧道照明控制系统,满足照明质量的同时进行隧道的"按需照明"。系统将车速信息分为50 km/h以下、50~70 km/h、70~90 km/h、90 km/h以上四个速度区段,每个速度区段设计不同的加强照明区段长度;通过电感式线圈检测进入隧道的车辆速度作为控制输入参数,控制相应区段进行照明。     

The identification and empirical characterization of vehicular (Lagrangian) fundamental diagrams in multilane traffic flow

Traditional macroscopic traffic flow modeling framework adopts the spatial–temporal coordinate system to analyze traffic flow dynamics. With such modeling and analysis paradigm, complications arise for traffic flow data collected from mobile sensors such as probe vehicles equipped with mobile phones, Bluetooth, and Global Positioning System devices. The vehicle‐based measurement technologies call for new modeling thoughts that address the unique features of moving measurements and explore their full potential. In this paper, we look into the concept of vehicular fundamental diagram (VFD) and discuss its engineering implications. VFD corresponds to a conventional fundamental diagram (FD) in the kinematic wave (KW) theory that adopts space–time coordinates. Similar to the regular FD in the KW theory, VFD encapsulates all traffic flow dynamics. In this paper, to demonstrate the full potential of VFD in interpreting multilane traffic flow dynamics, we generalize the classical Edie's formula and propose a direct approach of reconstructing VFD from traffic measurements in the vehicular coordinates. A smoothing algorithm is proposed to effectively reduce the nonphysical fluctuation of traffic states calculated from multilane vehicle trajectories. As an example, we apply the proposed methodology to explore the next‐generation simulation datasets and identify the existence and forms of shock waves in different coordinate systems. Our findings provide empirical justifications and further insight for the Lagrangian traffic flow theory and models when applied in practice. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

双车道公路运行速度测算研究

该文在借鉴国内外运行速度研究成果的基础上,系统分析了《公路项目安全性评价指南》与《双车道公路路线运行速度设计方法》中运行速度测算方法的优缺点,提出了新的运行速度测算方法(流程);并在江西省宜春至安福二级公路进行了实际验证与工程应用。该方法为双车道公路的运行速度测算开辟了一个新的途径,为其他类似项目的安全评价提供了借鉴作用。     

基于运行速度的高速公路超高设计方法探讨

基于运行速度,该文分析了如何检验高速公路圆曲线最大超高、一般路段超高、大纵坡路段超高设置的合理性,重点研究实际运行车速及横向力系数取值对超高取值的影响,并以深圳市东部过境高速公路典型路段为实例对超高的取值进行了分析,可供同行参考。     

基于目标速度的汽车ACC系统油门控制策略研究

ACC系统能够根据雷达等传感器检测到的前方车辆行驶信息,并自动控制本车的油门开度和制动强度,实现自适应巡航行驶,通过对车辆行驶纵向阻力特性的分析,针对目前广泛使用的基于目标加速度的油门开度控制策略受车辆装载质量影响较大的情况,利用功率平衡原理,提出了1种基于目标车速的油门开度控制策略,并利用PreScan软件对基于目标车速的油门开度控制策略进行了仿真实验,仿真结果表明了该控制策略有效的避免了整车装载质量变化对控制目标的影响。     

1种基于浮动车数据的多车车速融合算法

在浮动车处理技术中,多浮动车样本车速的融合是整个计算的最后1个环节,算法的好坏直接影响到动态交通信息的准确性。从多权重系数和多种路况状态的角度构建了1种新的基于浮动车数据的多车车速融合算法,该算法从浮动车行驶特征等角度,综合考量在表征实时路况时浮动车多车样本间的共性与个性差异去融合多车车速,提高了实时路况的准确性,并且可根据实际交通环境快速调整相关参数。最后通过实证分析对其准确性进行了评估验证,结果表明能有效提高动态交通信息的准确性,具有良好的实用性。     

城市公交车与社会车辆混合流速度模型及交通运行状态分析

为了精确解析城市公交车和社会车辆混合运行的状态,在基本路段车速模型适用性分析的基础上,引入公交车流量、社会车辆流量、公交车比例等参数,建立了改进的混合机动车运行速度模型,分别选取单向二车道和单向三车道路段进行交通试验调查,采用Metrocount 5600气压管式车辆分型系统进行数据采集并用于改进模型的参数标定,并分别建立了2种车型的速度差模型,提出了路段混合车流3种不同交通运行状态的评价方法。研究结果表明：同等车流量情况下,不同公交车比例对社会车辆速度的影响表现为3个显著的变化区间;随着路段饱和度的增加,社会车辆和公交车之间的速度差呈现出从几乎不变、快速缩小到接近于零3个较为明显的运行状态;考虑车流组成中公交车比例的变化可以细化路段车流畅通状态、拥堵形成状态以及拥堵状态的判别。     

行人头部与车辆碰撞中旋转速度对颅脑组织响应影响

为了探究旋转速度在行人头部与车辆碰撞中对颅脑组织响应影响,对46例真实交通事故进行了运动学重建获得行人头部与车辆碰撞线性、旋转速度分布特征,并依此建立了头部与风挡、发动机罩碰撞有限元仿真模型,分析了头部旋转速度在不同线性速度和碰撞位置下对颅脑应力应变响应影响特征.结果表明:在行人头部与风挡碰撞中,当线性速度小于40 k...