Deficiencies in accident record systems

As part of the continuous process of improving highway safety, the engineer relies heavily on information provided by accident record systems. The study described in this paper sought to determine the reliability of this system in New Mexico. Techniques employed in the study included internal consistency checks, comparison with other record systems, and matching actual and reported crash site data. The extent of omitted and inaccurate data having primary relevance to engineering analyses was found to exceed acceptable limits. Incorrect locational information was the most serious problem. The recommended solutions to this problem consist of a modified accident report form and improved contact with enforcement officials.     

Are vehicle trajectories simulated by dynamic traffic models relevant for estimating fuel consumption?

This paper questions the relevance of microscopic traffic models for estimating the impact of traffic strategies on fuel consumption. Urban driving cycles from the ARTEMIS database are simplified into piecewise linear speed profiles to mimic the classical outputs of microscopic traffic flow models. Fuel consumption is estimated for real and simplified trajectories and links between kinematics and the fuel consumption errors are investigated. Simplifying trajectories causes fuel consumption underestimation, from −1.2 to −5.2% on average according to the level of simplification; errors can approach −20% for some cycles. A focus on kinematic phases indicates that the maximum speed reached and the time decelerating are the main influences on fuel consumption. Finally, in the case where maximum speeds are estimated correctly, it is shown that errors committed at each kinematic phase when acceleration distributions are approximated by their mean values, converge towards small errors over complete cycles. A method is developed to quantify and reduce these errors.     

Scaled vehicle tire characteristics: dimensionless analysis

This article demonstrates the use of dimensional analysis for scaled vehicle tires. The motivation for this approach is the understanding of realistic nonlinear tire behavior in scaled vehicle control studies. By examining the behavior of vehicle tires within a dimensionless framework, several key tire parameters are developed that allow for an appropriate relationship between full-sized tires and scaled tires. Introducing these scalings into vehicle dynamics studies allows for the development of scaled vehicles that have a high degree of dynamic similitude with full-sized vehicles, but are safer and more economical testbeds on which to develop experimental control strategies. Experimental data are used to compare the nonlinear characteristics for sets of scaled and full-sized tires. Finally, design of a scaled vehicle based on tire characteristics is demonstrated.     

多学科优化设计在半潜式钻井平台设计中的应用

多学科优化设计（Multidisciplinary Design Optimization，MDO）是通过考虑学科之间的相互耦合来挖掘设计潜力，通过系统的综合分析来进行方案的选择和评估的一种应用于工程设计阶段的先进设计理念和设计方法，能够达到提高设计效率，降低设计成本的目的。半潜式钻井平台是具有高复杂度的工程系统，在其方案设计中要考虑到水动力学、结构力学、动力定位、工程应用以及成本分析等多个学科，非常适合于多学科优化设计的应用。以半潜式钻井平台方案设计为例，介绍了如何使用多学科优化设计来考虑影响平台的多个因素之间的耦合关系，以确定平台的主尺度，来获得最佳的平台总体性能；介绍了应用多学科优化设计时的三个重要关键技术：复杂问题的分解、数学建模和近似模型技术。     

码头沉箱变形的离心模型试验和数值分析

以某重力式码头沉箱结构为研究对象，进行了基于此码头的两种方案的离心模型试验，研究了不同条件下重力式码头的变形情况；利用非线性有限元程序ABAQUS，建立了挡土墙．砂垫层．地基体系固结问题的数值模型，然后分别以典型重力式码头的离心模型试验和工程原型为计算对象，以离心加速度增长和码头高度增长为加荷方式，对离心模型试验过程和码头的施工过程进行了数值模拟。综合对比了多种条件下码头和地基的变形情况，并探讨了地基土模量、淤积土的开挖深度对变形的影响，分析了施工过程中和竣工后的超静孔隙压水压力的变化和变形规律。     

快速原型制造技术探讨和应用

综合运用计算机辅助设计和制造技术、激光技术和材料学技术,在没有传统模具和夹具的情况下,快速制造出任意复杂形状而又具有一定功能的三维实体模型或零件。     

搅拌车搅拌叶片曲面建模及展开

根据工作实际提出了对多段螺旋线进行离散再拟合的曲面建模方法和通过有限元对复杂曲面进行展开的方式,同时对曲面的展开进行了分析仿真计算,给出了其中的回弹、厚度及残余应力等云图。实验结果表明,这种曲面建模方法和有限元曲面展开方式能够较精确地反映设计意图。     

智能车小车转向系统的建模与仿真分析

文章依据典型的线性二自由度汽车模型结合freescale智能小车的实际转向系统建立数学模型，推导出微分方程，采用比例微分控制（PD）策略，并结合系统模型运用MATLAB进行仿真。采用比例微分控制（PD）策略对小车的转向系统的信号延时进行改进，对稳定性等方面也进行改善，达到预期的优化目的。     

基于BIM技术的物联网运营地铁结构健康监测系统设计与实现

为对运营隧道的健康状态进行实时监测，提高监测的准确性，以武汉地铁3号线王宗区间监测项目为背景，研究基于BIM技术的物联网运营地铁结构健康系统架构。针对监测指标的具体特征（例如沉降、倾角、加速度），阐述传感器网络的布设与监测数据的传输方案，进行预警分析和评估结果系统界面演示。通过BIM核心数据库的内容构建，基于DYNAMO参数化提出运营隧道三维建模方案，实现三维模型与多级预警制度的集成，实现监测预警的可视化，为运营隧道结构健康监测系统设计、传输方案选取、监测量预警分析与预警可视化方向提供思路。     

冷板车制冷机组隔振仿真研究

针对冷藏运输车的振动问题,基于二自由度振动分析理论建立了制冷机组的振动力学模型,并通过现状仿真和优化隔振效果仿真得到了冷板车制冷机组最优减振隔振方案.通过现状仿真得到了满载和空载工况下隔振器变形随时间变化的曲线以及机组与车体加速度的对比曲线,并给出了制冷机组取得较好隔振效果隔振器必须满足的频率和刚度范围.结果表明:制冷机组现有的隔振效果很差;通过优化隔振效果仿真得到了不同隔振器固有频率时车体和机组最大加速度的响应曲线以及隔振器最大变形曲线.