Accommodating user preferences in ad hoc shared ride trip planning using GIS

Ad hoc shared ride trip planning (SRTP) utilizes mobile devices, geo-sensors and wireless networks to match on-the-fly individual travel demand with transport supply. It represents one of many alternatives to single occupancy vehicle use. This paper outlines a SRTP approach via a two-phase algorithm based on user preferences in a time-dependent routing. Whereas current algorithms use minimization of travel time as the only optimization criterion in trip planning, in the framework presented here, the user can specify multiple trip preferences including travel time, walking time, number of transfers between cars and trip length. Various scenarios are simulated in the city of Tehran (Iran) to demonstrate how preference settings affect the routes of ad hoc shared journeys.     

基于短时交通流预测的广域动态交通路径诱导方法

为提升车辆通行效率,以预测型诱导策略为基础,以排队长度作为交通诱导的约束条件,利用小波神经网络短时交通量预测预知路段堵死事件发生路段,通过广域诱导时空边界条件对事件路段进行节点分级和诱导周期长度界定,进而建立广域诱导模型;对事件区域路网进行分区,进一步确定该模型诱导起点位置,引入基于路径尺度的Logit 路径选择模型作为诱导路径选择方法,通过流量迭代分配方法实现路网负载均衡. 通过实例验证,该诱导方法能有效地缓解道路交通拥堵,提高路网通行效率.     

杭州南站幕墙受过站列车风影响的数值模拟分析

分析高速列车过站时列车风对站台上方幕墙的影响,采用CFD数值模拟方法,结合"动网格"技术,对列车高速过站风环境进行数值模拟,给出高速列车开始驶入、完全驶入和驶离车站时,站台区域幕墙受列车风影响的变化情况。对列车风的影响进行定量评估,研究结果表明:过站列车通过产生的流场对站内风速影响较小,不会对乘客造成安全问题,但该流场对幕墙产生一定的力作用。结论为列车风侧向影响范围最大处出现在头部顶端;列车经行的最不利工况为单线同时对开。     

强磁暴对轨道电路的影响分析

磁暴是太阳活动时磁层-电离层的电流体系和地球磁场的相互作用而产生的,磁暴来袭时,时变磁场将在地面感应出电场,在一些技术系统(铁路设备、输电线路、石油和天然气管道等)中产生地磁感应电流(GIC),干扰了这些系统的正常工作。对1982年7月13—14日强磁暴期间瑞典一些铁路区段轨道电路出现的异常,以及1989年和2000—2005年强磁暴期间俄国北部一些铁路区段出现的异常进行了描述,并对该磁暴期间产生这些异常的影响因素进行了分析;最后提出为进一步了解磁暴影响轨道电路机理还需要做的工作。     

What is induced traffic?

Investment in new or up-graded roads both raises the level and alters the pattern of accessibility over the whole area served by the road system. Vehicle-users will perceive the opportunities that this increased accessibility offers and respond in various ways, most of which can lead to more rather than less travel on the system. To the extent that travel increases overall, it can be said to have been induced by the road-improvement. Conversely, congestion as it spreads on the network will deter some travel and can be said to have a traffic suppression effect.The purpose of this first paper is to spell out, as clearly as possible, what is meant by induced traffic and to relate its various components to the full range of behavioural responses by travellers. In doing so, it draws upon the recently published (December 1994) report by the Standing Advisory Committee on Trunk Road Assessment (SACTRA) and response by the UK Government. The paper concludes with some of the implications of induced/suppressed traffic for current methods of forecasting and evaluation of road investment, which are covered in more detail by subsequent authors.     

波流联合作用下隔水套管的涡激非线性振动

考虑流及波流联合作用,研究了套管的涡激非线性振动.将套管简化为梁模型,计及莫里森非线性流体动力和涡激荷载,建立套管的涡激振动方程.采用克雷洛夫函数求解套管的固有频率和模态,提出了计算涡激非线性动力响应的迦辽金方法.以东海勘探3号钻井隔水套管为例,研究了流引起的主共振和波流联合引起的组合共振.计算结果表明:流对套管的动力响应占主导地位,而波的影响不大.分析了前四阶模态、升力系数、流体阻尼系数对套管动力响应的影响.揭示了波流联合激励下套管复杂的动力响应特性.     

桥梁风致颤振分析以及在ANSYS中的实现

首先简要介绍了桥梁风致颤振分析的多模态参与单参数搜索M S法的基本理论以及ANSYS二次开发的几种方法 ,然后以VisualFortran为二次开发平台 ,运用M S法编写了在ANSYS中实现大跨度桥梁风致颤振分析的计算程序和相应的界面菜单程序 .最后通过算例展示了在ANSYS中进行颤振分析的整个过程 ,其计算结果与大跨度桥梁空间静、动力分析程序NACS和风洞试验数据基本一致 ,说明了计算程序的可靠性     

Development of a behaviorally induced system optimal travel demand management system

The basic design concept of most advanced traveler information systems (ATIS) is to present generic information to travelers, leaving travelers to react to the information in their own way. This “passive” way of managing traffic by providing generic traffic information makes it difficult to predict the outcome and may even incur an adverse effect, such as overreaction (also referred to as the herding effect). Active traffic and demand management (ATDM) is another approach that has received continual attention from both academic research and real-world practice, aiming to effectively influence people's travel demand, provide more travel options, coordinate between travelers, and reduce the need for travel. The research discussed in this article deals with how to provide users with a travel option that aims to minimize the marginal system impact that results from this routing. The goal of this research is to take better advantage of the available real-time traffic information provided by ATIS, to further improve the system level traffic condition from User Equilibrium (UE), or a real-world traffic system that is worse than UE, toward System Optimal (SO), and avoid passively managing traffic. A behaviorally induced, system optimal travel demand management model is presented to achieve this goal through incremental routing. Both analytical derivation and numerical analysis have been conducted on Tucson network in Arizona, as well as on the Capital Area Metropolitan Planning Organization (CAMPO) network in Austin, TX. The outcomes of both studies show that our proposed modeling framework is promising for improving network traffic conditions toward SO, and results in substantial economic savings.     

车辆点火高压检测器的设计与试制

利用电磁感应原理，设计和试制车辆点火高压检测器。该检测器能将汽油机正常运转时点火系高电压的变化转化为感生电动势，驱动发光二极管发亮，从而确定汽油机点火系是否工作正常。具有简单易携带的优点。     

Would personal carbon trading reduce travel emissions more effectively than a carbon tax?

The application of personal carbon trading (PCT) to transport choices has recently been considered in the literature as a means of reducing CO₂ emissions. Its potential effectiveness in changing car travel behavior is compared to the conventional carbon tax (CT) by means of a stated preferences survey conducted among French drivers (N ∼ 300). We show evidence that PCT could effectively change travel behavior and hence reduce transport emissions from personal travel. There is however a definite reluctance to reduce car travel. We were unable to demonstrate any significant difference between the effectiveness of PCT and the CT with regard to changing travel behavior. However, in the experiment, the PCT scheme provided consistent results while this was not the case for the CT scheme. Further research is needed into the “social norm” conveyed by a personal emissions allowance.