Achieving transport modal split targets at intermodal freight hubs using a model predictive approach

The increase of international freight commerce is creating pressure on the existing transport network. Cooperation between the different transport parties (e.g., terminal managers, forwarders and transport providers) is required to increase the network throughput using the same infrastructure. The intermodal hubs are locations where cargo is stored and can switch transport modality while approaching the final destination. Decisions regarding cargo assignment are based on cargo properties. Cargo properties can be fixed (e.g., destination, volume, weight) or time varying (remaining time until due time or goods expiration date). The intermodal hub manager, with access to certain cargo information, can promote cooperation with and among different transport providers that pick up and deliver cargo at the hub. In this paper, cargo evolution at intermodal hubs is modeled based on a mass balance, taking into account hub cargo inflows and outflows, plus an update of the remaining time until cargo due time. Using this model, written in a state-space representation, we propose a model predictive approach to address the Modal Split Aware – Cargo Assignment Problem (MSA–CAP). The MSA–CAP concerns the cargo assignment to the available transport capacity such that the final destination can be reached on time while taking into consideration the transport modality used. The model predictive approach can anticipate cargo peaks at the hub and assigns cargo in advance, following a push of cargo towards the final destination approach. Through the addition of a modal split constraint it is possible to guide the daily cargo assignment to achieve a transport modal split target over a defined period of time. Numerical experiments illustrate the validity of these statements.     

Environmental and transport effects of warehouse relocationing: evidence from Norway

Reducing traffic volumes and CO2-emissions from freight transport has proven difficult in many countries. Although the increasing suburbanization of warehouses is seen as a relevant land use trend, comprehensive analyses of their impact remain scarce. This study uses real data in modeling transport, costs, environmental and modal effects from warehouse relocations around Oslo and Trondheim (Norway). Results indicate that for Oslo, traffic performance (ton-km), CO2-emissions, and transport costs increase following warehouse suburbanization. For Trondheim, transport performance and CO2-emissions increase less, while transport costs decrease marginally. We conclude that specific case characteristics (geography and trade patterns) are important in determining the strength and direction of effects, and expect that common concomitant developments (warehouse centralization and consolidation) would lead to more pronounced results. Our findings confirm some, but challenge other, findings from the relatively scarcely literature available. Finally, the study's more general insights and observations can help advance similar analyses beyond Norway.     

重载货车摩擦缓冲器阻抗特性的数值模拟

为预测摩擦缓冲器的实际工作状态,从几何特征和作用原理的角度,建立详细的MT-2型缓冲器理论模型。首先,通过对缓冲器内部各摩擦元件的运动学和静力学分析,推导出缓冲器在准静态下的阻抗特性;其次,引入附加摩擦系数量化各摩擦元件之间动静态摩擦过渡时的黏滞补偿,并模拟出缓冲器在动态下的阻抗特性;最后,利用C80型货车冲击试验数据对该缓冲器的理论模型进行验证。验证结果表明:总体上,数值模拟和现场试验下的缓冲器示功曲线基本吻合,说明模型的正确性;局部上数值模拟中缓冲器从加载Ⅰ阶段过渡至加载Ⅱ阶段的突变现象在冲击试验中表现的并不明显,还有待进一步完善。     

HXD1型机车自动驾驶系统设计与应用

主要介绍HXD1型交流传动电力机车的自动驾驶系统方案设计与应用情况,以机车改动最小、成本最低为原则,通过加装自动驾驶系统设备、通信及供电线缆实现自动驾驶功能。通过机车自动系统的成功运用,降低了人工劳动强度,杜绝了人为失误因素,提升了机车操纵水平和操纵一致性。     

铁路货物追踪系统的构建

铁路货物运输组织是铁路工作的一个核心内容,铁路货物追踪系统的设计与实现能够为货主提供更好、更快的服务,同时加快和保障铁路货运工作的组织。通过对铁路整车货物运输的流程分析,制定货物追踪系统的目标,分析系统功能。通过数据的采集和信息共享平台的建立,提出货物追踪系统的实现途径。     

甘泉铁路区间通过能力研究

阐述甘泉铁路车站分布和运量发展情况及货运量增加后区间通过能力不足的问题,介绍甘泉铁路行车组织和区间通过能力计算方法,计算各区间的通过能力,结合近期货物运量500万t、700万t、1000万t三种情况,计算需求通过能力,并给出提高通过能力的具体方案,为下一步货运量的增加做准备。     

深圳市货运节点功能重组与空间重构

当前在产业转移升级趋势明显、土地资源加剧紧张的状况下,如何将经济部门的物流产业及园区规划、运输部门的行业发展规划、城市规划部门的综合交通体系规划三者协调统一,是各大城市亟须解决的重点和难点问题。对此,《深圳市综合交通体系规划(2013—2030)》开展了以重新组织城市货运空间为重点的货运规划实践。首先对深圳市货运系统发展现状进行分析,阐述货运系统在用地、运输方式、场站布局、货运通道等方面存在的问题。其次,梳理深圳市货运交通规划面临的行政管理、规划编制和落实、规划方法适应性、物流用地空间等方面的挑战。最后,以物流功能集聚为出发点,拓展货运枢纽的功能和属性,提出枢纽分级、立体化布局、公共空间共享专营等规划方法与实施机制。     

基于时间约束的铁路空车调配系统可靠性分析

为弥补现有铁路空车调配系统缺乏空车调配可靠性研究的缺陷,在传统空车调配优化模型的基础上,本文提出了一种新的基于时间约束的空车调配可靠性分析方法。通过深入分析铁路空车调配过程,建立效益最大化目标函数,生成约束条件,以规定时间内的实际到达空车数与需求空车数之比计算出各需求站的空车调配可靠性,再利用各需求站可靠性均值求解空车调配系统的可靠性。最后,使用LINGO软件进行算例分析,论证了该方法的可行性和有效性。     

深圳港区跨海货运通道方案比选研究

深圳市妈湾跨海通道蛇口—赤湾连接线工程是深圳港区跨海货运通道的一部分,建设条件复杂,为此开展多线位、多工法方案综合比选,以确定兼顾各方需求的优化方案。对工程的功能定位、港区货运需求、沿线用地情况及规划等因素进行了详细分析,对跨海货运快速路通道从选线、工法、设计方案逐层递进,进行多方案比选。综合考虑了地下空间充分利用、减少对港区用地占用,降低施工对疏港交通影响等因素,确定了项目的选线方案以及双管单层15 m盾构的工法和设计方案。成果为深圳市等港区货运通道的选线及设计方案提供借鉴。     

A new approach for improving the performance of freight train timetabling of a single-track railway system

A new approach for improving the performance of freight train timetabling for single-track railways is proposed. Using the idea of a fixed-block signaling system, we develop a matrix representation to express the occupation of inter- and intra-station tracks by trains illustrating the train blocking time diagram in its entirety. Train departure times, dwell times, and unnecessary stopping are adjusted to reduce average train travel time and single train travel time. Conflicts between successive stations and within stations are identified and solved. A fuzzy logic system is further used to adjust the range of train departure times and checks are made to determine whether dwell times and time intervals can be adjusted for passenger and freight trains at congested stations to minimize train waiting times. By combining manual scheduling expertise with the fuzzy inference method, timetable efficiency is significantly improved and becomes more flexible.