轨道交通车辆品牌造型基因研究

文章引入品牌造型基因的概念,以中车株机公司产品为例,提取轨道交通车辆的品牌造型语义和品牌造型特征,并以此为依据建立品牌造型基因库,提出品牌造型基因库的工业设计表达流程。     

基于灰色关联方法的铁路货运站服务质量评价

从车站人员服务、技术设备和站内环境等角度出发,建立了铁路货运站服务质量水平的综合评价指标体系,包括业务范围、服务价格、货站环境、服务效率、技术水平、服务态度、货物在站停留时间。应用灰色关联分析方法,建立了相应的综合评价模型。经实例计算验证,应用灰色关联分析方法评价货运站的服务质量,操作简便,结果比较可靠,而且所得的综合评价值可用于描述评价对象的服务质量状况,这对铁路部门提高货运站水平有很好的参考价值。     

Modal shift from road haulage to short sea shipping: a systematic literature review and research directions

ABSTRACT

Modal shift from road haulage to short sea shipping (SSS) has been advocated by authorities and researchers for more than two decades. This paper provides a review of literature on modal shift and pinpoints paths for future research on topics in six categories: (1) factors influencing SSS competitiveness, (2) the policy-oriented perspective, (3) environmental legislation, (4) SSS performance, (5) port characteristics, and (6) the multi-agent perspective. In particular, we propose first, in evaluating the performance of SSS versus road haulage in different trade corridors, three performance-related dimensions – the economic dimension (e.g. external costs), the environmental dimension, and the dimension of service quality – should be considered. Second, researchers should use rich, real-world, numerical data and operational research techniques to identify the relative importance of individual drivers and barriers for a modal shift from road haulage to SSS. Third proposed direction is related to assessing which groups of actors certain policies should target. In doing so, researchers should extend their policy-related focus beyond the European Union, which has long encompassed the major geopolitical scope of research on the modal shift. Fourth, to moderate the adverse impact of environmental legislation on SSS, strategic solutions need to be identified. Fifth, we also suggest that the influence of contingencies, particularly port strikes and cyberattacks, on SSS operations and approaches for managing them should be investigated. Sixth, the economic and financial advantages of coordination and alliance for each transport chain agent need to be evaluated.     

Intermodal freight transport planning – A receding horizon control approach

This paper investigates intermodal freight transport planning problems among deep-sea terminals and inland terminals in hinterland haulage for a horizontally fully integrated intermodal freight transport operator at the tactical container flow level. An intermodal freight transport network (IFTN) model is first developed to capture the key characteristics of intermodal freight transport such as the modality change phenomena at intermodal terminals, physical capacity constraints of the network, time-dependent transport times on freeways, and time schedules for trains and barges. After that, the intermodal freight transport planning problem is formulated as an optimal intermodal container flow control problem from a system and control perspective with the use of the proposed IFTN model. To deal with the dynamic transport demands and dynamic traffic conditions in the IFTN, a receding horizon intermodal container flow control (RIFC) approach is proposed to control and to reassign intermodal container flows in a receding horizon way. This container flow control approach involves solving linear programming problems and is suited for transport planning on large-sized networks. Both an all-or-nothing approach and the proposed RIFC approach are evaluated through simulation studies. Simulation results show the potential of the proposed RIFC approach.     

Organizational adoption behavior of CO2-saving power train technologies: An empirical study on the German heavy-duty vehicles market

This study analyzes the preference structure of buyer groups that influences their willingness to select CO₂-saving power train technologies for medium-duty and heavy-duty vehicles (HDV). Based on the Technology–Organization–Environment framework for organizational adoption decision making and organizational buying criteria a theoretical construct was developed. Variables were validated in exploratory preliminary research and subsequently tested based on factor analysis using 27 survey items in a quantitative web-based study among 177 organizations operating HDV in Germany. Knowledge, experience, use and purchase consideration concerning alternative power train technologies and further measures to reduce fuel consumption were additionally queried. Based on a multiple linear regression analysis, key findings show that at the current stage of market maturity environmental attitude and corporate social responsibility exert the strongest significant influence on willingness to select CO₂-saving power train technologies. A hierarchical cluster analysis revealed six customer groups in order to yield behavioral market segmentation. Hereby it is shown that the performed transportation tasks do not determine the preference structures. Early adopting organizations are larger than average and driven by non-economic aspects as image or corporate social responsibility, whereas the mass market awaits lower purchasing prices. Crossing this chasm will be a major challenge for policymaker and manufacturers.     

工业废渣路面基层材料试验研究

以钢渣、碎石为集料,通过实验室试验研究了水泥、水泥粉煤灰、石灰粉煤灰稳定路面基层材料的无侧限抗压强度、劈裂强度、抗压回弹模量和抗冲刷性能。结果表明,钢渣作为公路基层集料具有较碎石更为良好的性能。钢渣作为集料的基层材料强度高于碎石作为集料的基层材料;用水泥稳定钢渣可获得相对高的无侧限抗压强度,用石灰粉煤灰稳定钢渣获得相对高的劈裂强度。掺加粉煤灰的基层材料在180d龄期问抗压回弹模量保持增长,水泥稳定基层材料90d以后抗压回弹模量无明显增长。石灰粉煤灰稳定钢渣的回弹模量显著高于其他基层材料。水泥稳定钢渣抗冲刷性较水泥稳定碎石好,水泥粉煤灰与石灰粉煤灰稳定类用钢渣代替碎石作为集料对冲刷性能影响不明显。     

江苏船舶配套业发展现状与对策分析

近些年来,随着江苏造船业的快速发展,船舶配套业发展相对滞后,制约了江苏船舶工业的进一步发展。加快发展江苏船舶配套业是一项迫切而艰巨的任务。本文通过对江苏船舶配套业发展现状的研究分析,从优势地区、优势企业、优势产品以及优势技术四个方面阐述了江苏船舶配套业发展思路;并结合产业集群相关理论提出了江苏船舶配套业的发展对策。     

Ⅱ型弹条模态特征模拟分析与试验研究

为得到客货共线铁路用Ⅱ型弹条的模态特征,采用有限元模态分析方法对其在自由状态及标准安装状态下的模态特征进行了数值模拟。计算结果表明,0~1500 Hz频率范围内Ⅱ型弹条在自由状态和标准安装状态下分别存在5阶和2阶模态。对Ⅱ型弹条在自由状态及标准安装状态下的模态特征进行了室内试验验证,试验结果与数值计算结果基本一致,验证了有限元模型的准确性及有限元模态分析方法的正确性。     

客货共线32 m简支箱梁修订设计的经济性分析

以客货共线32 m双线简支梁为例,介绍了新版客货共线箱梁的设计修订内容,并开展了简支箱梁与简支T梁的经济性对比分析。对比了梁体主要工程用量、工程造价、运维成本及100年全寿命周期成本,发现简支箱梁的工程造价不高于简支T梁,运维成本低于简支T梁,考虑100年的全寿命周期成本比简支T梁低27%左右。以沪通铁路和青连铁路为例,对比分析了简支箱梁方案与简支T梁方案的工程建设概算,可知采用简支箱梁节省了工程建设成本并缩短了建设工期。     

Evolution over time of heavy vehicle volume in toll roads: A dynamic panel data to identify key explanatory variables in Spain

Improving the knowledge of demand evolution over time is a key aspect in the evaluation of transport policies and in forecasting future investment needs. It becomes even more critical for the case of toll roads, which in recent decades has become an increasingly common device to fund road projects. However, literature regarding demand elasticity estimates in toll roads is sparse and leaves some important aspects to be analyzed in greater detail. In particular, previous research on traffic analysis does not often disaggregate heavy vehicle demand from the total volume, so that the specific behavioral patterns of this traffic segment are not taken into account. Furthermore, GDP is the main socioeconomic variable most commonly chosen to explain road freight traffic growth over time. This paper seeks to determine the variables that better explain the evolution of heavy vehicle demand in toll roads over time. To that end, we present a dynamic panel data methodology aimed at identifying the key socioeconomic variables that explain the behavior of road freight traffic throughout the years. The results show that, despite the usual practice, GDP may not constitute a suitable explanatory variable for heavy vehicle demand. Rather, considering only the GDP of those sectors with a high impact on transport demand, such as construction or industry, leads to more consistent results. The methodology is applied to Spanish toll roads for the 1990–2011 period. This is an interesting case in the international context, as road freight demand has experienced an even greater reduction in Spain than elsewhere, since the beginning of the economic crisis in 2008.