用现有疲劳试验数据确定疲劳裂纹扩展率

疲劳寿命的预报在船舶与海洋工程领域中相当重要，但其关键问题是要找到一种较科学的疲劳寿命预报方法。最近，本文第二作者提出了一种海洋结构物疲劳寿命预报的统一方法。该方法是基于疲劳裂纹扩展理论而发展起来的，在其九个参数模型的假设之下，能够较好地解释一些其它方法所不能解释的现象。采用该方法的主要障碍在于需要确定疲劳裂纹扩展率。作者通过对不同的疲劳裂纹扩展率的比较研究，并推广McEvily模型后，提出了一个具有较宽适用范围的九个参数疲劳裂纹扩展率模型(从门槛域一直到不稳定断裂域)。本文的主要目的是解决如何根据一些现有的疲劳试验数据来确定这九个模型参数的问题。文中给出了通过实验数据确定裂纹扩展率模型中各个参数的方法，并进行了模型参数的灵敏度分析。通过对文献中一些试验数据的收集，给出了几种常用金属材料的裂纹扩展率模型参数。     

新一代车辆标准化的综合性和前瞻性

俄罗斯正在研制新一代车辆并进行车辆检修制度的改革。本文提出标准化工作的前瞻性和综合性,要求车辆与其部件具有等寿命、装卸和调车机械应适应车辆的性能等,这样在铁路行业就会产生巨大的经济效益。     

运用二阶摄动方法预测焊接点疲劳微弯裂纹的路径发展

利用二阶摄动方法分析研究了轻微弯曲疲劳裂纹尖端应力强度因子的变化幅度,进一步得到了在循环载荷下直线裂纹微弯延伸尖端应力强度因子变化幅值的近似表达式.以匹配渐进扩张的形式考虑了远区域边界条件的效果,研究了裂尖附近的渐进应力场.利用Irwin公式计算出了由于裂纹发展而引起的应变能释放率变化幅值.预测了在具有非均匀断裂韧度的物质中裂纹的延伸.考虑了循环载荷、残余应力,以及由于焊接而引起的物质衰变等因素,利用了二阶摄动方法预测了沿着焊接点传播的弹脆性裂纹路径.     

Desired yaw rate and steering control method during cornering for a six-wheeled vehicle

This paper proposes a steering control method based on optimal control theory to improve the maneuverability of a six-wheeled vehicle during cornering. The six-wheeled vehicle is believed to have better performance than a four-wheeled vehicle in terms of its capability for crossing obstacles, off-road maneuvering and fail-safe handling when one or two of the tires are punctured. Although many methods to improve the four-wheeled vehicle’s lateral stability have been studied and developed, there have only been a few studies on the six-wheeled vehicle’s lateral stability. Some studies of the six-wheeled vehicle have been reported recently, but they are related to the desired yaw rate of a four-wheeled vehicle to control the six-wheeled vehicle’s maneuvering during corning. In this paper, the sideslip angle and yaw rate are controlled to improve the maneuverability during cornering by independent control of the steering angles of the six wheels. The desired yaw rate that is suitable for a six-wheeled vehicle is proposed as a control target. In addition, a scaled-down vehicle with six drive motors and six steering motors that can be controlled independently is designed. The performance of the proposed control methods is verified using a full model vehicle simulation and scaled-down vehicle experiment.     

Reliability analysis of repairable systems using stochastic point processes

In order to analyze the failure data from repairable systems, the homogeneous Poisson process(HPP) is usually used. In general, HPP cannot be applied to analyze the entire life cycle of a complex, re-pairable system because the rate of occurrence of failures (ROCOF) of the system changes over time rather thanremains stable. However, from a practical point of view, it is always preferred to apply the simplest methodto address problems and to obtain useful practical results. Therefore, we attempted to use the HPP model toanalyze the failure data from real repairable systems. A graphic method and the Laplace test were also usedin the analysis. Results of numerical applications show that the HPP model may be a useful tool for the entirelife cycle of repairable systems.     

超低频接收信号降噪研究

在建立超低频接收信号模型的基础上,对超低频接收信号误码率性能进行了分析。将小波降噪算法应用于超低频噪声处理中,通过Monte Carlo计算机仿真试验,对基于小波降噪和传统数字滤波的方法对模拟的超低频接收信号进行噪声处理,并对降噪后的误码率性能进行分析,结果表明,应用小波降噪的方法对超低频接收信号进行非线性噪声处理,比传统数字滤波的方法能带来更高的信噪比增益。     

车辆超载作用对路面的影响分析

利用Matlab软件编制程序,对车辆超载问题进行了仿真,分析了由于路面不平整度引起的车辆动荷载和动荷载系数变化规律,得到车辆超载率与车辆动荷载和动荷载系数之间的关系。为路面设计和车辆与路面之间的相互作用提供了理论基础。     

Effect of handling characteristics on minimum time cornering with torque vectoring

In this paper, the effect of both passive and actively-modified vehicle handling characteristics on minimum time manoeuvring for vehicles with 4-wheel torque vectoring (TV) capability is studied. First, a baseline optimal TV strategy is sought, independent of any causal control law. An optimal control problem (OCP) is initially formulated considering 4 independent wheel torque inputs, together with the steering angle rate, as the control variables. Using this formulation, the performance benefit using TV against an electric drive train with a fixed torque distribution, is demonstrated. The sensitivity of TV-controlled manoeuvre time to the passive understeer gradient of the vehicle is then studied. A second formulation of the OCP is introduced where a closed-loop TV controller is incorporated into the system dynamics of the OCP. This formulation allows the effect of actively modifying a vehicle's handling characteristic via TV on its minimum time cornering performance of the vehicle to be assessed. In particular, the effect of the target understeer gradient as the key tuning parameter of the literature-standard steady-state linear single-track model yaw rate reference is analysed.     

软土深部盾构开挖地层损失率对软土土拱效应的影响分析

盾构在软土深部地层进行主动开挖时,开挖所采取的地层损失率差异,会使得深部地层土体产生不同的位移以及应力变化,从而对软土深部地层的主动土拱效应产生差异影响。通过调整计算模型中的主动开挖土体范围,设定7种不同的地层损失率,建立地层损失与软土主动土拱效应比例之间的对应关系。通过分析可得： 1）盾构在4倍直径埋深条件下进行主动开挖时,在隧道上方1~2倍直径范围内形成主动土拱作用区域; 2）主动开挖所采取的地层损失率越大,开挖后拱顶处所受到的主动土压力荷载越小,土拱效应发挥越充分,且当地层损失率到达一定值时,盾构开挖所产生的主动土拱效应比例逐渐趋近于稳定临界值。     

天然气发动机冷却系统校核

商要:发动机冷却系统的作用是使发动机的温度在所有工况下均保持在适当的范围内。冷却系统不仅要防止发动机过热,也要防止发动机过冷。本文主要是对某重卡车型的发动机冷却系统进行了校核计算,为整个车型的匹配计算提供数据支持。