Alternative Modeling Approaches Used for Examining Automobile Ownership: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Household vehicle ownership, and the associated dimensions including fleet size, vehicle type and usage, has been one of the most researched transport topics. This paper endeavors to provide a critical overview of the wide-ranging methodological approaches employed in vehicle ownership modeling depending on the ownership representation over the past two decades. The studies in the existing literature based on the vehicle ownership representation are classified as: exogenous static, exogenous dynamic, endogenous static and endogenous dynamic models. The methodological approaches applied range from simple linear regressions to complex econometrics formulations taking into account a rich set of covariates. In spite of the steady advancement and impressive evolution in terms of methodological approaches to examine the decision process, we identify complex issues that pose a formidable challenge to address the evolution of vehicle ownership in the coming years. Specifically, we discuss challenges with data availability and methodological framework selection. In light of these discussions, we provide a decision matrix for aiding researchers/practitioners in determining appropriate model frameworks for conducting vehicle ownership analysis.     

太原市可持续交通发展策略研究

针对太原市社会、经济、交通现状提出发展可持续交通的思想,并从交通管理体制、制定交通规划以及具体措施几个方面提出相应的策略以求交通发展能满足当代人和后代的交通需求,实现与资源、环境的协调发展。     

Can Coastal Management Programs Protect and Promote Water-Dependent Uses?

Anecdotal evidence indicates that commercial and recreational water-dependent uses have been under development pressure in recent years, and in some cases have been converted to other uses. The conversion of water-dependent uses, which range from commercial shipyards to recreational marinas, may have many public costs, including the loss of access to public trust waters, the loss of jobs and associated economic activity, and the loss of traditional working waterfronts. This two-part study investigated the role of five coastal management programs in the northeastern United States in managing, monitoring, and protecting water-dependent uses. First, coastal managers in Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York and New Jersey were interviewed to assess the conversion problem. Second, in collaboration with New York City-based Regional Plan Association, follow-up interviews were conducted with coastal managers and local planners in Connecticut, New York, and New Jersey to gain greater insight into the role of coastal management programs and local governments in managing and promoting water-dependent uses. This article presents select findings from this study and discusses recommendations for improving the capacity of coastal management programs and local governments to manage water-dependent uses for the benefit of the public.     

青藏铁路旱桥冻胀力的弹塑性分析

假设土体在冻结前已固结完毕,冻结过程中土体为具有弹塑性本构特征的各向同性体,土中的水分迁移符合达西定律,且土颗粒不可压缩。在给出冻土温度场、水分场基本方程及冻土弹塑性本构方程后,应用弹塑性有限元法,模拟旱桥施工过程。依次求出旱桥在围岩自重作用下的初始应力场、当前应力水平下围岩的温度场和体积膨胀引起的等效节点荷载,再求出上述荷载增量对应的应力增量和当前的围岩应力场,重复上述计算步骤直到规定年限。本文对青藏铁路旱桥单桩冻胀过程中在未来20年的应力场进行模拟计算,结果表明旱桥仅在靠近桥桩底部产生塑性应变,且塑性应变区很小,该旱桥是安全的。另外,本文提供分析寒区旱桥冻胀的理论与数值计算方法,可为类似工程设计提供参考。     

透过CMIPPI-C-S2项目浅析灌溉项目中土方施工方法

该文通过一灌溉项目的执行,借助图片、图形,形象地论述了在土方施工过程中遇到的问题,以及如何有效地予以解决的方法。     

台北捷运办理路线、场、站土地开发之检讨及执行成效

台北都会区大众捷运系统为顺利取得捷运系统用地充分土地利用,以捷运土地开发方式提供民众在征收以外之一项选择,从而减少政府财政负担,增加财务效益。并导入以大众运输为导向发之土地开发(Transit Oriented Development TOD)规划理念,同时强化土地开发使用的强度增加使用诱因;规划健全捷运转乘需求,以达到运具整合之功能,并纳入公共元素,进行整体开发。为了捷运土地开发能更顺利、公平、效率的推动,藉本文将施行成效及与相关捷运场、站共同开发之案例进行检讨,提供其他类似开发案参考。     

快速公交系统票制票价敏感性分析

快速公交（BRT）因其快速、便捷、高效等优良品质被许多城市采用，近年来，在世界各地发展迅猛。票制票价作为BRT系统的重要组成部分也受到了关注。介绍国际国内城市的BRT票制票价情况，对票制票价的敏感性进行分析。从昆明市的实际情况出发，结合公众意愿调查数据，分析居民公交费用支出对居民收入、出行时耗、舒适度以及拥挤收费的影响情况，为昆明市BRT系统的改造与提升提供基础支撑。     

农村公路建设中的土地资源保护对策研究

土地资源的保护对我国社会的可持续发展具有重大的现实意义和深远的战略影响。在加快农村公路建设的同时,要着重解决好建设与土地资源保护的矛盾,使农村公路建设走上可持续发展之路。在分析当今农村公路建设用地存在的问题基础上,提出应从政策和技术层面对土地资源进行有效控制,并强调农村公路建设各阶段对土地资源使用有着不同的影响,应在农村公路建设的规划、设计、施工阶段进行全过程控制,并提出了具体的控制对策。     

交通拥堵反思

通过对交通拥堵进行反思,认为交通拥堵是充满活力的成功城市的伴生品,应从不同角度考虑拥堵问题.提出了十项有别于传统观点的提议,主要包括:机动性至关重要,交通拥堵是社会、经济活力的象征;道路扩容效果短暂,并会诱发潜在需求,但仍可带来一定的社会、经济效益;土地使用对出行行为的改变需要长期的努力;紧凑型发展会加剧交通拥堵;降低...     

城市土地利用特征对居民出行方式的影响——以深圳市为例

为缓解日益严重的城市交通问题、优化居民出行方式,有必要研究城市土地利用与交通系统的协调问题.以深圳市为例,应用多元Logit模型(MNL模型),纳入城市土地利用变量与出行者的家庭、社会、经济等变量,分析其对居民工作与非工作出行方式的影响.研究结果表明,出行起点的城市区位是影响居民出行方式的重要因素之一.相对于组团中心和...