Comparison of updating techniques in transferability analysis of work trip mode choice models in developing countries

This study analyzes the performances of updating techniques in transferability of mode choice models in developing countries. A model specification, estimated in Ho Chi Minh City, was transferred to Phnom Penh. Naïve transfer and four updating methods associated with small sized samples were used in the transfer process and were evaluated based on statistical perspective and predictive ability. The study also illustrates the problems faced in model transferability development, due to the lack of available and suitable data in Phnom Penh. This lack is strongly related to different methods and structures applied in collecting the data. Simplified approaches to the difficulties are proposed in the study. The results show that updating ASCs, updating both ASCs and scale parameter, and use of combined transfer estimators all produce significant improvement, both statistically and in predictability, in updating the model. The last two methods have proven to be superior to the first method, owing to the inclusion of transfer bias considerations in the estimations. However, small data samples should not have large transfer bias when using combined transfer estimators. It is also concluded that naïvely transferring a model is not recommended, and Bayesian updating should be avoided when transfer bias exists. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

AutoCAD环境下表面粗糙度标注的方法研究

介绍了几种充分利用AutoCAD二次开发的工具,自动、快速标注零件图中表面粗糙度的方法与技巧．     

Characteristics of household activity and travel patterns in the Mumbai metropolitan region

Activity-based modelling approaches require a typical survey instrument which can collect the finer details of activities of each individual over both time and space. This paper focuses on the design of a new survey instrument called an activity-travel diary; examines its method of administration; and analyses activity-travel behaviour in the context of developing countries. The Mumbai Metropolitan Region in India is selected as the study area. With the aim of understanding the activities of each individual over a period of time, a pilot survey was conducted in a continuous time frame for a period of 15 days, followed by a main survey. The analysis of data collected by the instrument reveals some interesting facts regarding the relationships between socioeconomic attributes, activities and trip making behaviour. Identification of interactions among households and other members were also facilitated by the newly designed diary, which is not a well-versed topic for research in the context of a developing economy like Mumbai's.     

Does Bus Rapid Transit Influence Urban Land Development and Property Values: A Review of the Literature

Abstract

Despite the proliferation of bus rapid transit (BRT) systems over the past few decades across developed and developing world cities, the impacts across these systems on the urban spatial development and property markets have not been comprehensively studied. The current paper attempts to fill this gap in the literature by reviewing the methodologies, underlying theories, and findings presented in the individual academic studies on BRT land-use and price impacts, mostly drawing on those that have focused on Latin American and Asian systems. The review shows that the land-use and value impacts have been less uniform across systems compared to such operational performance metrics as speed and travel time improvements. While predominantly relying on cross-sectional modeling techniques, the approaches used to evaluate land-use changes induced by the transit systems are not uniform either, with only some studies explicitly measuring changes in types of land use as opposed to simply land or rental price. The study also concludes that more rigorous evaluation is needed as to whether the BRT systems have improved accessibility for the populations that inhabited the corridors previously or whether, instead, the desired land value increases have in fact resulted in significant population displacement.     

Spatial Transferability and Updating Analysis of Mode Choice Models in Developing Countries

ABSTRACT

This article examines the spatial transferability of mode choice models in developing countries. An evaluation of the updating procedure and sample size are also included in the study. Because of the insufficiency of model coefficients in explaining differences in unmeasured modal attributes, naïvely transferring a model is not recommended. An understanding of the transport characteristics in both the estimation context and the application context is required, in order to justify whether a variable is transferable or not. Four updating procedures – updating alternative specific constants (ASCs), updating ASCs and scale parameter, the combined transfer estimator and Bayesian updating associated with three sets of small sample sizes – are applied to improve transferability. In general, the first three approaches produce significant improvements. It is also proposed that a minimum small sample size of 400 observations is necessary for updating purposes.     

广西城乡道路客运一体化发展对策研究

文章介绍了广西城乡客运发展的现状,阐述了广西城乡道路客运一体化发展具备的条件,分析了城乡道路客运一体化发展存在的主要问题,并提出了相应的解决对策。     

基于逆向工程思想的舰艇作战系统开发方法研究

为了适应现代化舰艇作战的需要，如今的潜艇作战系统一般都采用分布式系统，而且系统结构十分复杂。因而，按照传统的方法开发一套这样的系统，它的开发周期较长、开发费用较高，不能适应作战的实际需要。提出一种基于逆向工程思想的舰艇作战系统开发方法，在论述采用这种开发方法可行性的基础上，给出了系统的开发过程和开发模型。采用这种方法开发舰艇作战系统，可以较好的解决开发周期和开发费用等问题，满足实际作战应用的需要。     

35kV小型化变电站完善改造工程的建议

随着当前农网改造的逐步深化,35kV小型化变电站将被改造成"无人值班,有人值守"的变电站,文中提出了四点值得注意的问题,并给出了相关建议.     

援外港口工程概算的影响要因分析及其解决对策

在调查分析的基础上,应用数理统计的方法,结合工程经验,确定援外港口工程概算编制的主要影响要因,并提出了解决影响要因的对策。