The allocation problem of electric car-sharing system: A data-driven approach

Car-sharing is an emerging transportation mode with increasing applications of electric vehicles (EVs). One of the important issues for one-way electric car-sharing systems (ECS) is unbalanced vehicle distributions and high relocation costs. To improve its efficiency and overall profit, this research proposes a data-driven optimization model with the consideration of demand uncertainty. Firstly, a large amount of historical order data from an ECS company are analyzed to characterize the dynamics of the vehicles and the behavioral features of the users. An important observation is that the daily demand by users, i.e., pick-ups, follows Poisson distribution; and the arrival rates vary across time exhibiting four major temporal stages. Based on this observation, this research constructs the ECS reallocation problem as a data-driven optimization model which is a combination of a probability expectation model and a linear programming problem with real-time data as input. More importantly, different from existing research, this research formulates the profit as the mathematical expectation of a discrete random variable with uncertain consumer demands. This allows for a comprehensive consideration of all possible future demands. Furthermore, driving range constraint has been considered in the proposed model as EV is the focus of this paper. A linear solution method is proposed to obtain the global optimal. At the end, the model is validated using real data from 30 ECS stations. The results indicate the daily improvement of profit could be as high as 19.05% with an average of 10.16%.     

运输需求经济分析

在阐述消费者剩余理论的基础上,提出了运输供给的品质与价格应定位在需求方能得到一定利益的前提下,为此建立了运输需求经济成本计量模型,并定性分析了该模型的构成要求对用户经济成本的影响,分析表明,运输价格对供需双方的影响并不对称,不宜以价格为主要因子来分析供需平衡规律,运输对象价值越高,运输过程中消耗对运输经济成本影响越小。     

Modeling traffic's flow-density relation: Accommodation of multiple flow regimes and traveler types

This research investigates freeway-flow impacts of different traveler types by specifying and applying a latent-segmentation model of congested and uncongested driving behaviors. Drivers in uncongested conditions are assumed to drive at self-chosen speeds, while drivers in congested conditions are assumed to take speed as given and choose a spacing (between their vehicle and the previous vehicle). Several classes of driver-vehicle combinations are distinguished in a data set based on double-loop-detector pulses and a household travel survey. These classifications are made on the basis of vehicle type and gender, leading to class estimates of speeds and spacings. The segmentation model is specified as a logit function of density, weather, and vehicle type, leading to estimates of congested-condition probabilities. Unobserved heterogeneity is incorporated in all models via common error assumptions.Results indicate that segmentation models are promising tools for traffic data analysis and that information on travelers, their vehicles, and weather conditions explains significant variation in flow data. By clarifying a greater understanding of traffic conditions and traveler behavior explains much scatter in the fundamental relation between flow, speed, and density, can assist regions in their traffic-management efforts and engineers in their design of roadway facilities. Ultimately, such improvements to travel networks should enhance quality of life.     

基于乘客需求的地铁枢纽通道信息系统评价方法研究

为了更好地满足乘客对地铁枢纽通道信息不同程度的需求,文中基于马洛斯需求理论系统地分析了地铁乘客枢纽需求信息层次;利用KANO模型设置问卷对乘客需求信息进行调查,研究乘客对地铁枢纽通道各类信息的需求程度,提出了基于乘客需求的地铁枢纽通道信息系统评价方法,并就乘客对各类信息的敏感度进行了探讨.     

加强城市交通规划研究与实践推动城市交通发展模式转变

针对各种城市交通问题日益凸显,重点围绕加强城市交通规划研究与实践、推动城市交通发展模式转变展开探讨.首先指出我国城市交通在综合交通区域统筹、小汽车与公共交通发展、绿色交通实践、交通需求管理四个方面的发展现状与趋势.提出要加快转变城市交通发展观念,坚持节约资源、服务民生、和谐有序、科学决策.强调应继续贯彻和推进优先发展城...     

城市商业区自行车停车需求预测方法及应用

随着机动车的发展,自行车在城市居民中的出行比例逐渐下降,但是仍占重要地位.自行车规划有通道规划和停车规划两种,在城市商业区如何有效的预测自行车的停车需求是停车规划的重要组成部分.文章本着理论和实践相结合的原则,着重介绍城市大型商业区自行车停车规划中的停车需求预测方法及其应用.     

SUV车型外观评论文本情感分析

为了解决SUV车型外观海量评论文本隐藏信息挖掘分析问题,给出了一个基于LDA主题模型的数据挖掘方法.通过LDA主题模型识别出评论文本中潜藏的主题信息,计算感兴趣的文本主题和文本涵盖的主题比例.经过情感信息抽取、情感信息分类和情感分析建模等步骤,实现对文本评论的倾向性判断和隐藏信息挖掘,得到SUV车型的用户情感倾向分析结...     

承台结构形式对分幅连续刚构桥地震响应的影响研究

为选择合理承台结构形式,以满足地震高烈度区分幅连续刚构桥的抗震性能,以G75兰临高速公路上的一座(64+115+64)m分幅双肢薄壁墩连续刚构桥为背景,根据分幅连续刚构桥地震响应作用机理,采用MIDAS Civil软件建立桥梁空间杆系动力分析模型,利用设计反应谱法从桥梁纵向和横向进行激励,对比研究整体式、分离式2种承台...     

Modeling commuting mode choice jointly with work start time and work duration

This paper presents a joint trivariate discrete-continuous-continuous model for commuters’ mode choice, work start time and work duration. The model is designed to capture correlations among random components influencing these decisions. For empirical investigation, the model is estimated using a data set collected in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA) in 2001. Considering the fact that work duration involves medium- to long-term decision making compared to short-term activity scheduling decisions, work duration is considered endogenous to work start time decisions. The empirical model reveals many behavioral details of commuters’ mode choice, work start time and duration decisions. The primary objective of the model is to predict workers’ work schedules according to mode choice, which is considered a skeletal activity schedule in activity-based travel demand models. However, the empirical model reveals many behavioral details of workers’ mode choices and work scheduling. Independent application of the model for travel demand management policy evaluations is also promising, as it provides better value in terms of travel time estimates.     

水下绞车及其在实时传输潜标的应用

为了实现海洋环境要素的实时传输,设计一种水下绞车控制通信浮标升降.实时传输潜标利用测量仪器测量海洋环境要素,水下绞车将通信浮标升至海面通过卫星通信将海洋环境要素数据传输到岸站.本文主要讲述水下绞车的工作原理和工作流程,试验结果表明系统突破了水下绞车自动排缆的关键技术,实现了海洋环境要素无人值守情况下的数据实时传输.