轨道交通动态票价对城市交通的影响

提出了以交通需求管理中经济杠杆的策略的概念和动态价格经济杠杆策略,实施轨道交通动态票价调节对城市交通影响的研究思路和技术路线.动态票价实施后,利用随机分配理论考察城市路网交通流的重分布变化.在此基础上通过敏感性和博弈分析方法,提出了轨道交通票价均街轨道网、公交网和道路网交通流的思路.轨道交通动态票价体系丰富了城市交通需求管理措施的手段和方法,对制定轨道交通票价有一定的辅助参考作用.     

Estimation of the determinants of bicycle mode share for the journey to work using census data

A model is presented that relates the proportion of bicycle journeys to work for English and Welsh electoral wards to relevant socio-economic, transport and physical variables. A number of previous studies have exploited existing disaggregate data sets. This study uses UK 2001 census data, is based on a logistic regression model and provides complementary evidence based on aggregate data for the determinants of cycle choice. It suggests a saturation level for bicycle use of 43%. Smaller proportions cycle in wards with more females and higher car ownership. The physical condition of the highway, rainfall and temperature each have an effect on the proportion that cycles to work, but the most significant physical variable is hilliness. The proportion of bicycle route that is off-road is shown to be significant, although it displays a low elasticity (+0.049) and this contrasts with more significant changes usually forecast by models constructed from stated preference based data. Forecasting shows the trend in car ownership has a significant effect on cycle use and offsets the positive effect of the provision of off-road routes for cycle traffic but only in districts that are moderately hilly or hilly. The provision of infrastructure alone appears insufficient to engender higher levels of cycling.

The potential demand for a urban freight consolidation centre

This paper reports the results of a stated-preference study aimed at investigating how transport decisions are made by receivers or by transport operators about the potential use of an urban freight consolidation centre in the city of Fano, Italy. Because there are no revealed preference data, a stated-choice methodology is used. The stated-choice experiments present two alternatives—one using a private vehicle subject to various traffic regulations and one using the urban freight consolidation centre with varying cost and efficiency levels. Conventional discrete choice data modelling shows that the potential demand is influenced mainly by the distance of the parking bay from the shop, by access permit cost, by the service cost of the urban freight consolidation centre, and by the delay in delivery time. Simulations are then performed to assess how the potential demand is affected by various incentives and regulations affecting urban goods distribution.

城市道路照明节能探讨

文章针对目前城市道路照明存在的问题,结合对城市路灯照明的能耗分析,提出了道路照明节能途径,为缓解城市道路照明与电力供应紧张的矛盾提出了解决的方案。     

Deciding whether and how to improve statewide travel demand models based on transportation planning application needs

Many states in the USA have developed statewide travel demand models for transportation planning at the state level and along intercity corridors. Travel demand models at mega-region and provincial levels are also widely used in Europe and Asia. With modern transportation planning applications requiring enhanced model capabilities, many states are considering improving their four-step statewide demand models. This paper synthesizes representative statewide models developed with traditional four-step, advanced four-step, and integrated micro-simulation methods. The focus of this synthesis study is as much on model applications and data requirements as on modeling methods. An incremental model improvement approach toward advanced statewide models is recommended. Review findings also suggest model improvement activities should be justified by planning application needs. For statewide model improvement plans to be successful and financially sustainable, the return on model improvement investment needs to be demonstrated by timely applications that rely on improved model capabilities.     

南昌市红谷滩配建停车场需求预测分析

通过实地调查数据和对红谷滩停车现状进行分析,结合南昌市总体规划、红谷滩交通发展战略等研究成果,对现有停车生成率模型进行修正,考虑各种影响因素,建立了合理的建筑物停车需求预测模型,制定了适合红谷滩实际情况的停车配建指标,其次对每个小区、每个地块的2020年所需停车泊位进行了预测和规划.最后,提出了相应的解决方案,政策和建...     

高速客运专线基本电费交纳方式的探讨

客运专线供电系统设计以满足高峰小时供电确定变压器安装容量,但在运营初期,由于行车密度及运量关系,负荷率低,最大需量小。主要对两部制电价的两种基本电费交纳方式进行分析,提出适合我国国情的高速客运专线的基本电费交纳方式。     

Applying behavioural theories to studying the influence of climate change on young people’s future travel intentions

Transport policy in the UK is seeking to promote the development of low carbon transport technology and to encourage people to choose to use low carbon travel options. This paper draws on existing behavioural theories to study young people’s travel behaviour intentions and the influence on these from their knowledge of, and willingness to act on, climate change. The study involved a series of focus groups with young people aged 11-18 years, where attitudes to transport modes, attitudes towards climate change and travel behaviour intentions were discussed. Knowledge and values are established as the key determinants of young people’s attitudes and behaviour intentions towards transport in the context of climate change. More specifically it is established that young people’s values emphasise speed and freedom and that it is important to young people that the mode of transport they choose is reflective of the image they want to portray.     

Applying the Rasch measurement to explore elderly passengers' abilities and difficulties when using buses in Taipei

This study developed an approach for measuring elderly passengers' abilities and to explore their difficulties in accomplishing the actions and motions required to patronize the bus service. A conceptual framework about the required actions and motions in bus‐taking was established and a questionnaire with 18 items was designed to test their ability to use buses. A face‐to‐face survey was conducted to collect self‐rated information from 304 elderly bus passengers in Taipei. The Rasch model was applied to estimate the difficulty of each item and the ability of each person to use a bus. Results showed the relatively difficult items primarily involved keeping balance on the moving bus, reading the posted information at the station, and recognizing the buses approaching the stations; the levels of physical ability were negatively associated with the respondent's age. Suggestions are made based on improving the facilities or services to help the elderly passengers achieve the necessary actions or motions for using the bus service. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

An assessment of models to estimate pedestrian demand based on the level of activity

This paper presents the development and assessment of models to estimate pedestrian demand based on the level of pedestrian activity (high and low). As activity varies by the time of the day, temporal variations were evaluated by considering different time periods. Data collected at 128 low and 48 high pedestrian activity signalized intersections (a total of 176 signalized intersections) in the City of Charlotte, North Carolina were used to develop and assess the models using stepwise regression analysis through backward elimination of independent variables (includes demographic, land use, and network characteristics). The use of different buffer widths (proximal area) to extract these characteristics was also evaluated. Results, in general, show that pedestrian demand varied by the level of activity, explanatory variables extracted by buffer width, and time of the day. The estimates from the models could be used in transportation planning (identify required pedestrian facilities, resource allocation), safety, and operational analyses. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.