艰险山区铁路长大坡道铺轨施工技术研究

郑万铁路重庆段沿线地形复杂、线路桥隧多、长大坡道段较多,给长钢轨运输、铺设造成严重的安全隐患,带来一系列施工难题。针对长大坡道铺轨施工风险和难题,从牵引机车优化配置、长轨列车装载加固、长轨列车对位和钢轨解锁等方面开展研究,并对研究成果进行现场应用验证。研究结果表明:综合考虑运行牵引质量、启动牵引质量上限、制动力和制动距离对不同坡度段进行牵引机车优化配置,不同坡度段的牵引机车配置完全满足施工要求;通过对长轨支架进行加固和长钢轨锁定,保证了长钢轨运输的安全;长钢轨铺设过程中,通过加强铺轨对位作业的现场指导和管理,同时利用自主研发的长钢轨防溜装置,从而确保了长大坡道铺轨的安全。     

Measuring the environmental efficiency of the global aviation fleet

This research analyses the environmental footprint of the airline industry in an attempt to highlight potential paths for improvement. We develop a directional economic-environmental distance function (DEED) which accounts for the production of both desirable and undesirable output and the potential for constrained increases in input utilization. This research applies the modeling framework to analyze the potential to reduce noise and airborne pollutants emitted by aircraft–engine combinations given the current state of aeronautical technology. The global aircraft–engine market is viewed from the regulatory perspective in order to compare the single environmental and operational efficient frontier to that of the airline carriers, and environmental objectives. The results of DEED are then applied in order to substitute the fleets serving Schipol, Amsterdam and Arlanda, Stockholm airports in June 2010 with the benchmark aircraft. The results highlight the inefficiencies of the current airline fleets and that the IPCC values of externalities are a magnitude of TEN too low to encourage changes in the global fleet hence the need for government intervention.     

公路纵面视距行车安全性分析

驾驶员应有足够的视距来判断运行车辆前方环境发生的变化,如交通状况、道路线形组合形式及沿线景观设计等,以便采取相应措施确保汽车安全行驶。文章从道路纵面竖曲线设计原理出发,讨论了汽车安全行驶的条件,推导出停车视距与竖曲线设计长度、变坡角的关系,同时结合某高速公路安全性评价,对事故多发路段提出了合理化建议。     

固定电话超长话单现象分析和处理

通过分析中兴交换机呼叫转接业务功能特性和用户电话呼叫业务行为，找出非正常的超长话单形成原因，得出解决超长话单问题的方法。     

城市轨道交通超长线路速度目标值选择浅析

目前国内正在设计和施工的城市轨道交通超长线路越来越多,通过对国内城市轨道交通超长线路分布概况、列车速度目标值等相关数据进行统计分析,总结超长线路速度目标值选取要考虑的因素及注意事项,为相关领域内的设计者和决策者提供参考。     

坡度对长大坡道桥上无缝道岔的影响分析

为探讨制动工况下,坡度对长大坡道桥上无缝道岔受力与变形的影响,以国内某一坡度为17.2‰新建铁路线上的桥上无缝道岔为例建立力学分析模型,运用"等效轮轨黏着系数",建立了有砟轨道"岔-桥-墩"相互作用的一体化模型,分析不同坡度下列车制动时,钢轨纵向力、钢轨位移、墩台纵向力、心轨和尖轨位移以及间隔铁纵向力的变化。分析结果表明:坡度的增大对桥上无缝道岔的受力与变形都是不利的;侧股间隔铁的纵向力比直股间隔铁小,但是其受坡度的影响却较大;长大坡道上容易产生爬行现象,应加强无缝道岔防爬锁定,并加密防爬观测次数。     

浅述国道307线旧关隧道运营管理

以国道307线旧关隧道为例，论述了大于1000m、单洞双向行驶二级公路隧道的运营管理模式，确保了公路的安全畅通、快速高效，为今后干线公路长隧道的管理提供了依据。     

Distance and time in intermodal goods transport networks in Europe: A generic approach

This paper is about distance and time as factors of competitiveness of intermodal transport. It reviews the relevance of the factors, evaluates time models in practice, compares network distances and times in alternative bundling networks with geometrically varied layouts, and points out how these networks perform in terms of vehicle scale, frequency and door-to-door time. The analysis focuses on intermodal transport in Europe, especially intermodal rail transport, but is in search for generic conclusions. The paper does not incorporate the distance and time results in cost models, and draws conclusions for transport innovation, wherever this is possible without cost modelling. For instance, the feature vehicle scale, an important factor of transport costs, is analysed and discussed.Distance and time are important factors of competitiveness of intermodal transport. They generate (direct) vehicle costs and – via transport quality – indirect costs to the customers. Clearly direct costs/prices are the most important performance of the intermodal transport system. The relevance of quality performances is less clarified. Customers emphasise the importance of a good match between the transport and the logistic system. In this framework (time) reliability is valued high. Often transport time, arrival and departure times, and frequency have a lower priority. But such conclusions can hardy be generalised. The range of valuations reflects the heterogeneity of situations. Some lack of clarity is obviously due to overlapping definitions of different performance types.The following parts of the paper are about two central fields of network design, which have a large impact on transport costs and quality, namely the design of vehicle roundtrips (and acceleration of transport speed) and the choice of bundling type: do vehicles provide direct services or run in what we call complex bundling networks? An example is the hub-and-spoke network. The objective of complex bundling is to increase vehicle scale and/or transport frequency even if network volumes are restricted. Complex bundling requires intermediate nodes for the exchange of load units. Examples of complex bundling networks are the hub-and-spoke network or the line network.Roundtrip and bundling design are interrelated policy fields: an acceleration of the roundtrip speed, often desirable from the cost point of view, can often only be carried out customer friendly, if the transport frequency is increased. But often the flow size is not sufficient for a higher frequency. Then a change of bundling model can be an outcome.Complex bundling networks are known to have longer average distances and times, the latter also due to the presence of additional intermediate exchange nodes. However, this disadvantage is – inside the limits of maximal vehicle sizes – overruled by the advantage of a restricted number of network links. Therefore generally, complex bundling networks have shorter total vehicle distances and times. This expression of economies of scale implies lower vehicle costs per load unit.The last part of the paper presents door-to-door times of load units of complex bundling networks and compares them with unimodal road transport. The times of complex bundling networks are larger than that of networks with direct connections, but nevertheless competitive with unimodal road transport, except for short distances.     

CRTSⅢ型板式无砟轨道智能化铺设关键技术研究

CRTSⅢ型板式无砟轨道采用目前施工技术,存在底座线形控制不理想、轨道板翘曲、自密实混凝土层离缝、钢轨精调次数多、施工完成后扣件更换率居高不下等问题,结合我国智慧铁路发展需要,对底座自动寻迹施工技术、轨道板智能化精调技术、自密实混凝土灌注质量监测技术、钢轨精调和精调信息化施工技术等进行了研究,形成了我国自主知识产权的CRTSⅢ型板式无砟轨道智能铺装技术及配套关键设备,为进一步提高我国板式无砟轨道关键工序的施工效率和施工质量提供了技术支撑。     

基于线性诱导的公路隧道入口区域交通安全优化研究

为达到驾驶人早发现隧道洞门、早适应环境变化、早决策驾驶行为的目的，通过分析隧道入口区域行车环境下的视距视区与交通安全问题，借鉴常见的线条形视线诱导设施（如反光环、反光条、弹性交通柱等），构建隧道线性诱导系统，并提出基于线性诱导的隧道入口区域改善方法。另外，通过室内模拟试验，采集白天与夜间环境下注视点的位置数据； 将注视区域分为5类，并分析注视点在各区域的视觉转移特性，评价隧道入口区域改善前后的效果。结果表明： 1）隧道线性诱导系统具备形式多样、较大尺寸、可以勾勒轮廓、发光分散等特点，同时可以以低成本提升隧道光环境的安全性。2）隧道入口区域改善前，驾驶人的注视点以较大概率出现在前方近处。3）改善后，驾驶人的注视点以较大的概率出现在前方远处，表明改善方案使得驾驶人的视距充足； 改善后注视点在主要分布区域的注视概率变动比改善前更为缓和，表明驾驶人的视区变化得到缓解。