城市轨道交通超长线路速度目标值选择浅析

目前国内正在设计和施工的城市轨道交通超长线路越来越多,通过对国内城市轨道交通超长线路分布概况、列车速度目标值等相关数据进行统计分析,总结超长线路速度目标值选取要考虑的因素及注意事项,为相关领域内的设计者和决策者提供参考。     

坡度对长大坡道桥上无缝道岔的影响分析

为探讨制动工况下,坡度对长大坡道桥上无缝道岔受力与变形的影响,以国内某一坡度为17.2‰新建铁路线上的桥上无缝道岔为例建立力学分析模型,运用"等效轮轨黏着系数",建立了有砟轨道"岔-桥-墩"相互作用的一体化模型,分析不同坡度下列车制动时,钢轨纵向力、钢轨位移、墩台纵向力、心轨和尖轨位移以及间隔铁纵向力的变化。分析结果表明:坡度的增大对桥上无缝道岔的受力与变形都是不利的;侧股间隔铁的纵向力比直股间隔铁小,但是其受坡度的影响却较大;长大坡道上容易产生爬行现象,应加强无缝道岔防爬锁定,并加密防爬观测次数。     

浅述国道307线旧关隧道运营管理

以国道307线旧关隧道为例，论述了大于1000m、单洞双向行驶二级公路隧道的运营管理模式，确保了公路的安全畅通、快速高效，为今后干线公路长隧道的管理提供了依据。     

Distance and time in intermodal goods transport networks in Europe: A generic approach

This paper is about distance and time as factors of competitiveness of intermodal transport. It reviews the relevance of the factors, evaluates time models in practice, compares network distances and times in alternative bundling networks with geometrically varied layouts, and points out how these networks perform in terms of vehicle scale, frequency and door-to-door time. The analysis focuses on intermodal transport in Europe, especially intermodal rail transport, but is in search for generic conclusions. The paper does not incorporate the distance and time results in cost models, and draws conclusions for transport innovation, wherever this is possible without cost modelling. For instance, the feature vehicle scale, an important factor of transport costs, is analysed and discussed.Distance and time are important factors of competitiveness of intermodal transport. They generate (direct) vehicle costs and – via transport quality – indirect costs to the customers. Clearly direct costs/prices are the most important performance of the intermodal transport system. The relevance of quality performances is less clarified. Customers emphasise the importance of a good match between the transport and the logistic system. In this framework (time) reliability is valued high. Often transport time, arrival and departure times, and frequency have a lower priority. But such conclusions can hardy be generalised. The range of valuations reflects the heterogeneity of situations. Some lack of clarity is obviously due to overlapping definitions of different performance types.The following parts of the paper are about two central fields of network design, which have a large impact on transport costs and quality, namely the design of vehicle roundtrips (and acceleration of transport speed) and the choice of bundling type: do vehicles provide direct services or run in what we call complex bundling networks? An example is the hub-and-spoke network. The objective of complex bundling is to increase vehicle scale and/or transport frequency even if network volumes are restricted. Complex bundling requires intermediate nodes for the exchange of load units. Examples of complex bundling networks are the hub-and-spoke network or the line network.Roundtrip and bundling design are interrelated policy fields: an acceleration of the roundtrip speed, often desirable from the cost point of view, can often only be carried out customer friendly, if the transport frequency is increased. But often the flow size is not sufficient for a higher frequency. Then a change of bundling model can be an outcome.Complex bundling networks are known to have longer average distances and times, the latter also due to the presence of additional intermediate exchange nodes. However, this disadvantage is – inside the limits of maximal vehicle sizes – overruled by the advantage of a restricted number of network links. Therefore generally, complex bundling networks have shorter total vehicle distances and times. This expression of economies of scale implies lower vehicle costs per load unit.The last part of the paper presents door-to-door times of load units of complex bundling networks and compares them with unimodal road transport. The times of complex bundling networks are larger than that of networks with direct connections, but nevertheless competitive with unimodal road transport, except for short distances.     

CRTSⅢ型板式无砟轨道智能化铺设关键技术研究

CRTSⅢ型板式无砟轨道采用目前施工技术,存在底座线形控制不理想、轨道板翘曲、自密实混凝土层离缝、钢轨精调次数多、施工完成后扣件更换率居高不下等问题,结合我国智慧铁路发展需要,对底座自动寻迹施工技术、轨道板智能化精调技术、自密实混凝土灌注质量监测技术、钢轨精调和精调信息化施工技术等进行了研究,形成了我国自主知识产权的CRTSⅢ型板式无砟轨道智能铺装技术及配套关键设备,为进一步提高我国板式无砟轨道关键工序的施工效率和施工质量提供了技术支撑。     

基于线性诱导的公路隧道入口区域交通安全优化研究

为达到驾驶人早发现隧道洞门、早适应环境变化、早决策驾驶行为的目的，通过分析隧道入口区域行车环境下的视距视区与交通安全问题，借鉴常见的线条形视线诱导设施（如反光环、反光条、弹性交通柱等），构建隧道线性诱导系统，并提出基于线性诱导的隧道入口区域改善方法。另外，通过室内模拟试验，采集白天与夜间环境下注视点的位置数据； 将注视区域分为5类，并分析注视点在各区域的视觉转移特性，评价隧道入口区域改善前后的效果。结果表明： 1）隧道线性诱导系统具备形式多样、较大尺寸、可以勾勒轮廓、发光分散等特点，同时可以以低成本提升隧道光环境的安全性。2）隧道入口区域改善前，驾驶人的注视点以较大概率出现在前方近处。3）改善后，驾驶人的注视点以较大的概率出现在前方远处，表明改善方案使得驾驶人的视距充足； 改善后注视点在主要分布区域的注视概率变动比改善前更为缓和，表明驾驶人的视区变化得到缓解。     

长仰拱栈桥在黄土隧道施工中的应用

为确保黄土隧道施工安全,初期支护结构尽快封闭成环,解决隧底仰拱及填充施工质量通病,利用黄土隧道开挖非爆破作业的特点,在黄土隧道施工中利用长大仰拱栈桥。通过在长仰拱栈桥上配置仰拱模板和混凝土捣固整平装置,有效减少了仰拱立模时间,提高了仰拱混凝土振捣质量。该工装能保证隧道开挖、初期支护、仰拱开挖及二次衬砌作业有序开展,极大地提高了施工工效,经济和社会效益明显提高。     

高黎贡山隧道1#高地温斜井降温处理技术研究及比选

为解决高地温隧道工程中存在的作业环境差、机械设备故障多、劳动生产率低等高温热害问题,以大瑞铁路高黎贡山隧道1#长大斜井为背景，进行技术研究和降温方案比选。首先,分析热水源、监测隧道洞内外气象条件，通过加强通风措施改善人体的舒适度。其次，采用注浆封堵热水源，减少热水流量，控制施工环境的湿度和温度；采用冰块+射流风机+快热交换的处理措施，冰块吸收隧道内热量，降低局部环境温度；采用机械制冷设备进行强制降温，改善热害隧道施工环境；综合优化资源配置，采用增加作业人员和设备数量，倒班作业，缩短人员和设备作业时长等多种处理措施。最后，分析各种降温措施能够达到的施工效果。结果证明，针对以围岩、热水为主要热源的高地温隧道施工，采用“通风降温+注浆堵水+机械降温+合理施工组织”的处理方案，符合高地温隧道施工的技术要求。     

基于预期偏移距离的人机权值分配策略研究

针对智能车辆横向运动控制中驾驶员和辅助系统的控制权限冲突问题,本文中提出一种人机权值分配策略。采用车辆在预瞄点处的预期偏移距离(PDLC)衡量车道偏离危险度,预期偏移距离通过对预瞄偏差修正获取。权值分配函数设计时以PDLC为自变量,以保证驾驶员的权值为优先控制目标,以一定的横向运动控制精度为先决条件。在CarSim/Simulink联合仿真平台和CarSim/Labview RT硬件在环实验台上对提出的控制策略进行了实验验证和数据分析。结果表明,采用权值分配策略协调驾驶员和辅助系统的控制,可在有效跟踪理想道路中心线的前提下保证驾驶员的控制权值,降低其工作负荷以及纠正驾驶员的误操作行为。     

特长城市复杂隧道通风系统运营优化研究

为解决特长城市复杂隧道通风系统因计算复杂而导致的运营规划困难、验证初始理想运营设计方案是否可靠等问题,针对某特长城市复杂隧道,采用SES通风软件,对南北线隧道在不同运营工况下的通风量进行模拟计算。计算比较不同车速工况下隧道风机总装机功率和洞口排污比例,确定隧道轴流风机和射流风机的开启位置和开启数量;分析阻滞工况下隧道内部和出口的污染物体积分数情况,验证优化方案的可行性。经研究发现： 车辆行驶产生的活塞风不能满足特长城市复杂隧道正常运营需风量的需求,需开启部分射流风机; 离隧道主线出入口过近的排风井排污效果较差,开启后会增大隧道通风能耗。