坝光隧道小净距段的施工技术

该文以采用矿山法施工小净距隧道技术为研究目标,分析了小净距隧道施工的技术难点和关键点,总结了小净距隧道施工方法、技术思路和施工技术措施,介绍了深圳葵坝路坝光小净距隧道工程实例。认为,小净距隧道施工应采用综合性技术和措施,提高隧道支护结构的强度、刚度和整体性,减少和控制两条隧道开挖时的相互影响,合理地利用围岩自承能力,保证围岩与支护结构共同作用。     

An application of the directional distance function with the number of accidents as an undesirable output to measure the technical efficiency of state road transport in India

By using the directional distance function (DDF) of data envelopment analysis (DEA), this study measures the technical efficiency of 37 Indian state road transport undertakings (SRTUs) for the year 2012–13. We employ the DDF as a tool for analyzing a joint production function with both desirable and undesirable outputs (i.e., the number of accidents). A comparison between the results with and without accidents shows that several SRTUs have experienced significant changes in their efficiency scores as well as in their rankings after accounting for the undesirable output. This indicates the importance of including the number of accidents – a safety standard – as representative of the undesirable output in computing the efficiency scores of SRTUs. The results of the Tobit model indicate that SRTUs with greater vehicle productivity are more efficient under both conventional DEA and DDF approaches. We also employed zero-truncated negative binomial model to assess the factors influencing the number of road accident experienced by the Indian SRTUs and found that the accident count was significantly influenced by fleet utilization and vehicle productivity.     

Walking,cycling and the urban form: A Heckman selection model of active travel mode and distance by young adolescents

Physical inactivity of children and adolescents is a major public health challenge of the modern era but, when adequately promoted and nurtured, active travel offers immediate health benefits and forms future sustainable and healthy travel habits. This study explores jointly the choice and the extent of active travel of young adolescents while considering walking and cycling as distinct travel forms, controlling for objective urban form measures, and taking both a “street-buffer” looking at the immediate home surroundings and a “transport-zone” looking at wider neighborhoods. A Heckman selection model represents the distance covered while cycling (walking) given the mode choice being bicycle (walk) for a representative sample of 10–15 year-olds from the Capital Region of Denmark extracted from the Danish national travel survey. Results illustrate the necessity of different urban environments for walking and cycling, as the former relates to “street-buffer” urban form measures and the latter also to “transport-zone ” ones. Results also show that lessening the amount and the density of car traffic, diminishing the movement of heavy vehicles in local streets, reducing the conflict points with the density of intersections, and intervening on crash frequency and severity, would increase the probability and the amount of active travel by young adolescents. Last, results indicate that zones in rural areas and at a higher percentage of immigrants are likely to have lower probability and amount of active travel by young adolescents.     

东秦岭隧道平导快速施工机械设备配套模式

本文介绍了东秦岭隧道平导快速施工所采用的机械配套模式及其取得的良好效果 ,对长大隧道机械配套模式进行探讨 ,为类似工程提供经验和借鉴。     

SS7型客货运电力机车（8）：基础制动装置和停车制动装置

介绍了ＳＳ７型电力机车基础制动装置和停车制动装置的结构、主要技术参数以及ＤＧ１９、ＤＧ１９Ａ型单缸制动器、ＣＮ１１型储能制动器的工作原理和特点．     

拟大地线航法的球体半径

根据航海实用的基本原理，提出了按拟大地线航行的球体半径——等角球半径（Ｒ＝６３５６８６３．０１９ｍ）。经比较证明，用该球体半径计算大圆航程和大圆航向角，比传统的等体积球半径、等距离球半径及地心纬度球半径精度高。     

Factors affecting the use of bus and rail services in a deregulated environment

In 1987, the NSW Government commenced deregulation of the long-distance bus industry in NSW. This immediately led to greater inter-modal competition and contestability within the context of changing passenger markets.This study utilises categorical data analysis methods to examine the emerging passenger markets of inter-modal competitors (bus and rail) and to assess the relative importance of socioeconomic and travel related variables which affect the use of bus and rail services along the high volume Sydney-Canberra and Sydney-North Coast corridors.Conclusions from the study indicate varied passenger markets within a relatively new contestable environment which are mode and corridor specific. Results are indicative of the need for competitors to develop marketing strategies conducive to the demands of the travelling public in order to enhance viability and commercial opportunities.     

Effects of wave directionality and choice of wave spectrum on the extreme response of a deep water jacket

Wave-induced load effects in an idealized deep water jacket are considered. The structure is selected more to examine the worst effects of wave-induced uncertainties than to represent a realistic North Sea installation. The largest natural period is about 5 9 s and the structural response is significantly affected by dynamics. The structural system is linearized and response extremes are predicted by means of a stochastic, dynamic long term response analysis. A realistic modelling of ocean waves for long term response calculations is outlined. Various possibilities concerning the choice of wave spectrum are included and the corresponding effects on the predicted extremes are demonstrated. A sensitivity study is carried out both for the quasi-static response and for the resulting dynamic response. Finally, the effects of accounting for wave directionality are indicated. This includes both the introduction of a varying main wave direction and the modelling of the shortcrestedness for a given sea state.     

三塔超大跨公铁两用斜拉桥活载加载标准研究

为探究公路铁路活载对三塔超大跨公铁两用斜拉桥结构的影响,以某公铁长江大桥为研究背景,建立有限元全桥模型。利用影响线确定活载最不利加载位置,分析铁路活载和公路活载对主梁、主塔、斜拉索的影响。研究结果表明:随着铁路和公路活载加载长度的改变,桥梁结构响应在主梁竖向位移、主梁压应力、主塔顺桥向位移、主塔顺桥向弯矩、斜拉索索力增幅等方面表现出一定的规律性,铁路活载引起的桥梁结构响应是公路活载的3.2~4.2倍;对于主梁和主塔,当铁路活载加载长度分别增加5.4%、22.2%、18.2%,结构响应对应增大35.90%~36.90%,8.27%~13.07%,4.40%~8.38%;对于斜拉索,活载作用下索力最大增幅位于跨中附近;按照偏安全的到发线长度加载比按照列车可能最大长度加载,在桥梁设计上更具有安全冗余度。研究成果可为超大跨度铁路桥、公铁两用桥的设计提供参考。     

大跨连续刚构桥梁体及轨道温度分布试验及其影响研究

为了明确大跨连续刚构桥上梁体及轨道温度分布及其对桥上无缝线路力学行为的影响,以1座铁路常用双线特大连续刚构桥为例,针对箱梁及轨道结构的温度分布开展测试研究,分析结果表明:根据实测数据,钢轨温度最高值要高于气温,轨温最低值相对气温也较低。当气温较低时,最低轨温与最低气温虽不完全一致,但两者相差很小,最高轨温与最高气温亦是如此,但当气温较高时,最高轨温要明显高于最高气温;桥梁纵向温度分布差别不大,温差主要表现在竖向和横向上,箱梁温度沿梁高方向自上而下逐渐升高,沿箱梁横向上同样存在差别,但相差均较小;梁体垂向温度梯度对钢轨纵向受力影响较小,但其对线路高低不平顺会有一定影响,且主要是在长波范围内,当温度梯度较大时会出现长波不平顺超限。