青藏铁路道床质量状态参数试验研究

碎石道床是铁路有碴轨道结构的重要组成部分,其道床密实度、道床纵、横向阻力不仅是轨道结构分析的重要参数,并且与轨道几何形位劣化和轨道养护维修工作量有密切关系。在气候条件恶劣的青藏铁路,道床密实度、道床纵、横向阻力是否达到设计要求对于保持线路的稳定十分重要。介绍了青藏铁路无缝线路试验段道床密实度、道床纵、横向阻力的试验方法和数据整理分析过程,对道床密实度、道床纵、横向阻力的测定有一定的参考价值。测试结果表明,在青藏铁路,采用合理的施工工艺和方法,按基本作业流程进行施工,道床密实度、道床纵、横向阻力均满足规范要求。     

Seasonal variability of the Black Sea chlorophyll-a concentration

The optimal spectral decomposition (OSD) method is used to reconstruct seasonal variability of the Black Sea horizontally averaged chlorophyll-a concentration from data collected during the NATO SfP-971818 Black Sea Project in 1980–1995. During the reconstruction, quality control is conducted to reduce errors caused by measurement accuracy, sampling strategy, and irregular data distribution in space and time. A bi-modal structure with winter/spring (February–March) and fall (September–October) blooms is uniquely detected and accurately documented. The chlorophyll-a enriched zone rises to 15 m depth in winter and June, and deepens to 40 m in April and 35 m in August. The June rise of the chlorophyll-a enriched zone is accompanying by near-continuous reduction of upper layer maximum chlorophyll-a concentration.     

黑白数字图像的有穷状态自动机表示方法

自动机理论是理论计算机科学的基础理论之一，在很多领域自动机有着广泛的应用，在将黑白图像进行像素地址编码的基础上使用语言来描述数字图像，从而得到用自动机来描述数字图像的方法，任意有穷分辨率黑白图像均可以用有穷状态自动机来表示，多分辨率图像能够用有穷状态自动机来描述当且仅当该图像中不同形状的子图像的个数为有限个．     

秦沈客运专线轨道谱评判方法的研究

基于2004年1月至2005年4月轨道不平顺检测数据，利用Welch改进周期图算法，分析了秦沈客运专线轨道不平顺的功率谱密度，得出平均意义上的最大值、建议值和最小值。参考国内外成熟的轨道谱线表达形式，结合试算结果，得到表达秦沈客运专线轨道谱的拟合曲线公式，并应用非线性最小二乘拟合优化算法，获得拟合轨道谱表达式的参数。据此，提出秦沈客运专线轨道不平顺功率谱质量的评判方法。该方法将轨道谱图划分成A、B、C、D4个区域，依次定义为优秀、良好、合格和不合格轨道谱线区域。这样，对于一条给定的轨道谱线，就可依此方法来评定其质量，如落入A区的部分谱线为优秀轨道谱，落入B区的部分谱线为良好轨道谱等。     

一种采用输移浓度为主要参数的泥石流流量计算新方法

根据沟床水力条件对泥石流浓度的调节作用和泥石流浆体浓度对沟槽输移能力所具有的重要影响。建立了由流域产沙条件来估计浆体浓度，再由沟槽输移浓度来确定泥石流流量的新方法。经过比检验。计算流量与形态调查流量相近，平均相对误差为－６．９％，最大相对误差为－１４％。     

Factors affecting the operational success of strategic airline alliances

With increased liberalisation in major air transport markets, the intensity of competition has increased amongst air carriers. Airlines have responded to the competitive pressures in many ways, one of which has been the formation of alliances. These alliances are linkages between the firms at various operational levels. They go beyond the common interlining agreement to encompass certain marketing and cost-reducing features. However, the question is how the success of these alliances can be ensured? While companies' culture compatibility is important and much has been written in that area, this paper focuses on factors that affect operational success of airline alliances. The operational success is measured by the change in the level of partners' inter-hub traffic due to formation of the alliance. This research has developed a methodology which could be used as a management tool to measure alliances' operational success before embarking on such agreements. The analysis of recent major alliances covering 52 inter-hub routes suggests that the main factors ensuring the alliances' operational success are: the partners' network size and their compatibility, the frequency of service between the hubs of the partners, the flight connection time at the hub and the level of competition on their network.

     

高架桥梯形轨枕轨道不平顺测量

北京地铁5号线天通苑站至天通苑北站之间铺设了一段长为171 m的梯形轨枕轨道试验段.为了得出符合城市轨道交通实际情况的轨道不平顺谱,对梯形轨枕轨道试验段进行了轨道不平顺测量,并对轨道不平顺功率谱进行了拟合,得出了拟合曲线的特征参数.通过对测量结果进行幅值分析和功率谱分析可知,北京地铁5号线梯形轨枕轨道试验段的轨道平顺状态较好.     

基于Box-Cox-TQR概率密度的铁路运用车保有量预测方法

合理的铁路运用车保有量，对满足铁路货运需求，提高货车运用效率，降低运营成本等有重要作用.考虑铁路运输系统复杂的内外部环境及其动态变化特性，对影响运用车保有量因素定性分析；提出了粗糙集属性约简、灰色关联分析、逐步回归方法相结合的主要影响因素识别方法.以此为基础，建立了基于 Box-Cox变换分位数回归(Box-Cox-TQR)和核密度估计相结合的概率密度预测模型.以国家铁路局运用车保有量实际数据为基础，进行预测试验.结果表明，利用主要因素识别的方法符合目标值的运动变化规律，预测结果具有良好的精度.此外，概率密度预测比点预测、区间预测传递出更多信息，为管理决策提供更多准确有用信息.     

Coupler rotation behaviour and its effect on heavy haul trains

When a locomotive coupler rotates at an angle, the lateral component of the coupler force has an adverse effect on the locomotive's safety, particularly in heavy haul trains. In this paper, a model of a head-mid configuration, a 20,000-t heavy haul train is developed to analyse the rotation behaviour of the locomotive's coupler system and its effect on the dynamic behaviour of such a train's middle locomotive when operating on tangent and curved tracks. The train model includes detailed coupler and draft gear with which to consider the hysteretic characteristics of the rubber draft gear model, the friction characteristics of the coupler knuckles, and the alignment-control characteristics of the coupler shoulder. The results indicate that the coupler's rotation behaviour differs between the tangent and curved tracks, significantly affecting the locomotive's running performance under the braking condition. A larger coupler rotation angle generates a larger lateral component, which increases the wheelset's lateral force and the derailment coefficient. Decreasing the maximum coupler free angle can improve the locomotive's operational performance and safety. Based on these results, the recommended maximum coupler free angle is 4°.     

加筋土桥台筋带最大拉力试验研究

通过室内大比例模型试验,研究自重作用下加筋土桥台的最大筋带拉力的变化规律。加筋土桥台最大筋带拉力作用线的上部是离面板约为墙高0.2倍左右距离的垂直顶面的直线,下部渐渐向面板靠拢,近似为一条以面板顶点为极点的对数螺旋线。最大筋带拉力上部(垂线段)较大,下部渐小。基于试验结果与现场实测结果,提出最大筋带拉力与对应最大筋带拉力作用线距面板的水平距离成正比的计算模型。与其他理论及实验结果的比较表明,该计算模型对最大筋带拉力的预测能有效地反映刚性面板影响,能更准确地预测实际的最大筋带拉力,其预测值与实测结果的误差只有14%,而其他理论预测值与实测结果的误差均大于50%。