Daily rhythms of suburban commuters’ movements in the Tallinn metropolitan area: Case study with mobile positioning data

The objective of this study is to analyse the diurnal rhythms of city life and its spatial differences in Tallinn, using mobile telephone positioning data. The positioning experiment was carried out in April 2006 over an 8-day period and 15-min intervals, with a random sample of 277 respondents living in new residential areas outside the city of Tallinn.The investigation of the space–time movements and daily distances of respondents showed that the majority of respondents had a similar temporal rhythm related to work, school, services and leisure in the city. Because of the different timing of those activities, the mobile positioning data made it possible to map functional differences in the city. The advantages and disadvantages of mobile positioning data in mapping urban life are discussed in the final section of the study.     

电梯作业管理与在线监测系统的移动化作业研究

结合当前上海轨道交通电梯设备的管理现状及存在的主要问题,提出了建设一套移动化的电梯作业管理与在线监测系统,并从系统的业务架构、功能、移动化内容、配置及性能方面分别进行了阐述。通过作业管理子系统与在线监测子系统的相结合,增强电梯设备的实时监控力度,提高现场作业效率,对地铁电梯运营管理水平的整体提升有参考意义。     

Guidance for transport planning and policymaking in the face of an uncertain future

Uncertainty of outcome is widely recognised as a concern facing decision-makers and their advisors. In a number of spheres of policy, it appears uncertainty has intensified in the face of globalisation, economic instability, climate change, technological innovation and changing consumer preferences. How can planners and policymakers plan for an uncertain future? There is growing interest in, and use of, techniques that can help decision-making processes where deep uncertainty is involved. This paper is based upon one of the most recent international examples of a foresight exercise employed to examine uncertainty – specifically that which concerns uncertainty over the nature and extent of future demand for car travel. The principal focus of the paper is on the insights and guidance this examination of uncertainty brings forth for transport planning and policymaking. To accommodate deep uncertainty requires a flexible and open approach in terms of how policy and investment possibilities are formulated and judged. The paper argues for a focus upon the Triple Access System of spatial proximity, physical mobility and digital connectivity as a framework for policy and investment decisions that can harness flexibility and resilience. Uncertainty becomes an opportunity for decision-makers with the realisation that they are shaping the future rather than (only) responding to a predicted future. The paper outlines two forms of policymaking pathway: regime-compliant (in which adherence to trends and the nature of the world we have known pushes policy) and regime-testing (in which the nature of the world as we have known it is brought into question and vision pulls policy decisions). Stronger orientation towards regime-testing to assist in managing an uncertain future is advocated.     

智能移动系统中大规模分布式车辆路径规划问题研究

本文针对智能交通和主动交通管理提出了一种适用于大规模交通分配和路径规划的分布式计算方法。讨论了通过信息传递接口(MPI)在多中央处理器(CPU)上并行计算实现的一系列研究需求和实现挑战;将基于时空事件的车辆路径规划模型应用于大规模的城市路网仿真;将原始车辆路径规划模型分解为一系列计算效率较高的子问题,大幅减少了仿真耗时和通信开销。通过将子问题分发到单独的分布式CPU上,使CPU可以同时执行其任务,并保证较好的负载平衡。重点分析了将所提出的方法应用于北京路网大规模路径规划,以及该方法在不同CPU核数下的计算效率。结果表明:所提出的并行计算方法可以显著减少计算耗时,并在512个计算节点上实现200倍以上的加速比。     

飞行汽车的研究发展与关键技术

飞行汽车作为面向城市空中交通和未来出行的新型交通工具,正日益受到汽车和航空领域的重视,成为汽车和航空技术与产业跨界融合的重要发展趋势。该文介绍了飞行汽车的内涵及城市空中交通(UAM)概念的兴起,阐述了飞行汽车早期梦想的探索历程、面向城市空中交通的研究现状,以及未来将在全新智慧出行交通体系下实现大众化汽车“飞”起来的发展趋势;论述了飞行汽车发展的高功率密度电动推进、高升阻比轻质车体和低空飞行智能驾驶等主要性能瓶颈和关键技术;提出了中国飞行汽车的阶段性发展目标和构建汽车与航空跨界融合技术创新体系,以及重点推动城市空中交通和应急救援等领域示范应用的发展建议。     

交通拥堵反思

通过对交通拥堵进行反思,认为交通拥堵是充满活力的成功城市的伴生品,应从不同角度考虑拥堵问题.提出了十项有别于传统观点的提议,主要包括:机动性至关重要,交通拥堵是社会、经济活力的象征;道路扩容效果短暂,并会诱发潜在需求,但仍可带来一定的社会、经济效益;土地使用对出行行为的改变需要长期的努力;紧凑型发展会加剧交通拥堵;降低...     

高职学风建设中发挥学生党员先进性的学生工作模式探析

在大学生活中,优秀榜样能增加大学生的学习动力。发挥学生党员的先进性,帮助学生党员在课堂学习、课外学习与活动、班级工作、文明生活等方面成为楷模,影响带动全班同学奋发向上,共同建设好班级学风。     

Transport and society1

In 1963, the Buchanan Report in the UK advocated a combination of new road capacity, improved public transport and traffic restraint as a means to tackle congestion. Forty years on, and the advice from many transport experts remains the same. However, the scale and complexity of the problems associated with a mobility‐dependent society have grown. The need for politicians to make tough but realistic policy decisions on transport is now becoming unavoidable. They must confront the realities of living with the car as must the general public. Policymakers now also have social well‐being and sustainable development moving higher on their agendas alongside transport. Against such a backdrop, the paper makes the case for transport research, policy and practice to acknowledge more fully the inherent links between transport and society. It argues that greater recognition and understanding of such links is crucial to confronting the present realities. Transport does not merely serve society: it shapes society, as in turn society shapes transport. The future of each is dependent on the other, and this fact must be recognized. The paper advocates in turn that the transport profession must move from its heartlands in engineering and economics also to embrace more fully such disciplines as sociology and psychology. A factual picture of the many facets of present‐day society is presented and the implications for travel demand are discussed. Through considering phenomena such as social norms and habitual behaviour, it is then argued that the travel choices and behaviour of individuals are not simply a matter of economic optimization. This points to the need for decision‐makers to be furnished with better evidence about the transport problems faced and the potential efficacy of measures that might be taken. Discussion of public attitudes and the role of the media are included in the context of assessing how politicians can be encouraged and supported in their implementation of realistic but unpopular policies. Evidence and experience within the paper are UK based, although many of the issues and arguments apply world wide.     

Unraveling the evacuation behavior of the medically fragile population: Findings from hurricane Irene

Despite the widely recognized importance of evacuation planning for residents with special needs – in this paper referred to as the medically fragile population – there is virtually no research available to guide such planning, as opposed to the numerous empirical research studies on the evacuation behavior of the general population. In this paper, we provide these long-overdue insights using data from a large-scale phone survey (over 7000 samples) conducted in the aftermath of hurricane Irene in the Hampton Roads region in Virginia. Via aggregate and disaggregate analyses, we start to unravel the behavior of this heavily understudied, and potentially vulnerable population group. Special emphasis will be placed on the differences between the medically fragile and non-medically fragile population. Two alternative definitions for what constitutes medically fragile are examined in this paper. Using the broader definition, it was found that a key difference between these two groups relates to the importance of having a strong network of family members in the area. When considering a more narrow definition, we found that being a single parent household, likelihood of neighborhood flooding and knowing most of the names of one’s neighbors have significantly different impacts on the two population groups.     

离子化检测技术在军用毒剂监测中的应用

简要介绍离子化检测技术的发展过程和装备情况,重点介绍了代表当前离子化技术水平的闭合漂移管IMS技术原理、特点和发展趋势。