基于MAST的智慧公交优化调度研究

对客运需求较小且时空分布不均衡的城郊和乡村开设公交线路所面临问题分析的基础上,设计了一个利用移动互联网技术的城郊乡村智慧公交调度系统.简述了包括乘客信息交互模块、数据库、预测模块、调度决策支持模块等组成的系统结构及原理.在此基础上,分别建立发车计划模型和实时调度在线调整模型,采用遗传算法优化求解.最后,基于调度系统的历史信息及预约信息的实验结果表明,本运营方式能够提升服务水平,增加公交企业效益,且随预约乘客比例增加,该方式的优势愈加明显.     

Transport and equity in Latin America: a critical review of socially oriented accessibility assessments*

ABSTRACT

A growing concern for mobility-related social inclusion and equity is evident from both academic research and planning best practices. Scholarly research promotes accessibility as the main aim of transport planning, assuming it as the evaluative approach that better conveys how mobility contributes to individuals' well-being and participation in social life. Accessibility can be crucial to address the socio-spatial inequalities that characterise manifold settings across the world. Amongst them, Latin American countries have been keen in tackling such imbalances through mobility-related interventions, as the renowned cases of Curitiba, Medellin and Bogotá show. The widespread interest in mobility as both a cause and effect of social disparities has generated an increasing stream of work that examines Latin American settings through the lenses of accessibility. This paper aims at critically reviewing the growing scholarly works that, providing accessibility-based evaluations, has examined issues of transport and equity in Latin America. Proposing a novel conceptual framework that considers the underlying ethical stance, components of accessibility and implications for planning and policy, this work examines what approaches, features and indicators are present in the current literature, as well as what settings have been taken into consideration by scholarly research. Moreover, the review has an explicit operational interest, to define what indicators are relevant or missing to assess accessibility in the light of social concerns, as well as to consider the current and potential implications that such research findings have on transport planning and policy. The review highlights how a growing but still limited body of work has examined transport and equity in Latin America, suggesting academic, technical and operational avenues to enhance theoretical and practical approaches to the issue.     

新冠疫情影响下居民共享出行方式选择行为研究

为分析新冠疫情对共享出行方式选择行为的影响，针对传统出行、网约车、合乘、汽车分时租赁及共享自行车的多方式交通系统设计SP(Stated Preference)问卷；对于疫情前和疫情期间的出行方式选择分别构建基于面板数据的混合Logit模型，比较解释变量的影响差异，分析感知疫情严重程度和方式选择惯性的联合影响；基于弹性分析预测疫情背景下不同管控政策对应的出行方式分担率。结果表明：感知疫情严重程度对合乘和分时租赁影响显著，方式选择惯性对网约车、分时租赁及共享自行车影响显著；当感知疫情严重程度降低至30%~50%时，1.6~3.0倍的停车费调整策略可将私家车分担率降低至疫情前，此时，低密接的分时租赁具有主要替代作用；当感知疫情严重程度在60%以上时，提高合乘出行安全程度至1.4~3.6倍可恢复其分担率。     

The station-free sharing bike demand forecasting with a deep learning approach and large-scale datasets

The station-free sharing bike is a new sharing traffic mode that has been deployed in a large scale in China in the early 2017. Without docking stations, this system allows the sharing bike to be parked in any proper places. This study aimed to develop a dynamic demand forecasting model for station-free bike sharing using the deep learning approach. The spatial and temporal analyses were first conducted to investigate the mobility pattern of the station-free bike sharing. The result indicates the imbalanced spatial and temporal demand of bike sharing trips. The long short-term memory neural networks (LSTM NNs) were then developed to predict the bike sharing trip production and attraction at TAZ for different time intervals, including the 10-min, 15-min, 20-min and 30-min intervals. The validation results suggested that the developed LSTM NNs have reasonable good prediction accuracy in trip productions and attractions for different time intervals. The statistical models and recently developed machine learning methods were also developed to benchmark the LSTM NN. The comparison results suggested that the LSTM NNs provide better prediction accuracy than both conventional statistical models and advanced machine learning methods for different time intervals. The developed LSTM NNs can be used to predict the gap between the inflow and outflow of the sharing bike trips at a TAZ, which provide useful information for rebalancing the sharing bike in the system.     

可控性低强度回填材料性能研究

可控性低强度材料(CLSM)是一种替代级配型传统回填材料,并具有低强度、自流平、自我填充与自密实特性,在欧美地区得到广泛应用。文章对一种典型的以水泥、粉煤灰和水为主要原材料的CLSM工程特性进行研究,分析其流动性能及力学性能受材料组成、龄期等因素影响下的变化发展规律。用水率与水泥掺量是影响其强度的两个主要因素,流动性主要受用水量的控制,受水泥掺量影响并不显著。     

The mobility and accessibility expectations of seniors in an aging population

Populations of post-industrial nations are aging. With a growing number of people living well into their 80s and maintaining active lives, the transportation system will have to start focussing more closely on understanding their mobility and accessibility needs, so as to ensure that specific requirements of this large segment are not being ignored through the promotion of traditional ‘solutions’ and historical assumptions. This paper takes a close look at the evidence on the mobility needs and travel patterns of individuals over 64, distinguishing between the “young” elderly (aged 65–75 years) and the “old” elderly (over 75 years). This distinction is particularly useful in recognising the threshold of health change that impacts in a non-marginal way on mobility needs. This distinction also focuses transport planning and policy on a commitment to understanding the different needs of these sub-groups of the population, identifying services and facilities that better cater for these groups. We review the evidence, in particular, on the mobility characteristics of the over 75 years age group, including how they secure support through migration and settlement patterns. We use the empirical evidence from a number of western nations to identify the role of conventional and specialised public transport as an alternative to the automobile in meeting mobility and accessibility needs.     

浮置板轨道竖向振动能量传递分析

从减振降噪的角度讲,应尽量减少输入到结构的振动能量,本文根据浮置板轨道结构的特点,从能量角度出发,根据振动分析中的功率流理论,分析推导了浮置板轨道传递到基础的振动功率流,并就该轨道结构影响振动能量传递特性的参数进行了分析计算。     

满足高职生学习需求的英语教学新模式:实用+创新

如何将学生需求转化为学生学习英语的动力成为高职英语教师研究的课题之一。实用+创新教学法是从高职生的实际需要出发,根据高职生英语学习动机强度与学生需求变化的关系研究出的满足高职生学习需求的英语教学新模式。     

Labour market effects in assessing the costs and benefits of road pricing

Traffic congestion and the policies used to combat it have been studied extensively. One area which has received less attention is the secondary impacts of such policies. This paper uses a micro-simulation framework to study the effect on labour markets of road pricing. The key benefit of our chosen methodology is that it allows a simultaneous consideration of both commuting and migration decisions. We show that while welfare gains can be achieved through optimal charging, this may come at the price of decreased integration. This may manifest through either greater centralisation tendencies in population, or through unemployment disparities between regions.     

迁居对家庭日常活动—出行行为交互机理的影响

居住地是家庭成员日常活动的主要起讫点,迁居会导致家庭日常生活空间重组,进而成为影响成员活动安排和出行模式的关键因素.本文以迁居家庭为研究对象,分别从个体和家庭两个层面分析迁居前后日常活动—出行行为的调整变化,以揭示家庭成员间的交互模式及其内在机理.研究表明:迁居对成员活动—出行行为的影响首先体现在通勤模式调整上,其次是在家务分担上.具体来说,当两个成员均受到职住错位影响时,双方在家务活动安排上交互强烈,家庭内部会通过替代或互助等互动模式来平衡通勤活动所受到的时空制约;当只有一方受到职住错位制约时,双方交互程度进一步降低,家务活动安排上表现出显著性别差异,男方较容易受通勤活动的影响而放弃承担家务活动;当双方均处于职住邻近状态时,双方交互程度最弱,家务活动常采用陪伴或联合等协作方式来完成.