Refining light rapid transit typology: a UK perspective

Abstract

Recent developments in the light rapid transit sector have introduced transit modes that are attempting to imitate the performance of others, e.g. buses with tram-like characteristics. The boundaries between existing definitions of what is a bus, tram or train are becoming blurred. For transport studies and practice this requires a review of how we define modes. This is not just a matter of semantics, but has safety and competition regulation implications for system operators. This paper proposes a structure to produce rail- and bus-based transit mode definitions and typology that are appropriate for modern use. A decision tree is used to classify and define the transit modes as guided-bus, trolley-bus, light rail and tram-train and is provided with example systems. The paper provides a robust definitional framework that allows transit system promoters, operators and other interested parties to have a consistent basis of reference when specifying and comparing rapid transit systems.     

导弹装备基于状态的维修理论研究

随着导弹装备的复杂化,传统的维修方式日益暴露弊端.基于状态的维修（CBM）在实践应用中日益显示其优越性和巨大的经济效益.论文分析了CBM的特点,阐述了CBM的实施条件,进一步分析了基于CBM的导弹装备维修流程.     

在资金预算不确定条件下路面维护和修复项目管理决策优化方法

一个得到良好开发和维护的路面管理系统（PMS）能够帮助管理者做出在什么时候,对哪些路段采用什么样的路面维护和修复方案的决定,从而实现可用资源的最大化.本文提出一种在资金预算不确定条件下路面维护和修复项目管理决策优化方法 (MPMRPBU),为确保管理者在一个决策规划时段内,从公路网中选择并优化一组路面维护和修复方案,建立随机线性规划模型求解MPMRPBU问题.通过案例分析,比较在确定性优化和随机规划两种不同条件下的优化方案,研究不同经济预算对优化方案的影响.结果表明,采用随机规划方法能产生高质量的MPMRPBU解决方案, 该算法可以解决实际问题.     

不同回收价格的闭环供应链收益分配问题研究

在构建的包含一个制造商和两个零售商的闭环供应链中,对两个零售商的回收价格加以区分,采用博弈论方法,分别基于零售商分散决策和集中决策的情境,分析供应链整体与节点企业的最优收益分配,并通过算例验证了研究结果.研究表明：两个零售商回收价格不同时,制造商的收益在零售商分散决策时优于零售商集中决策时,零售商的收益则受益于零售商的合作,并且闭环供应链的整体收益在市场容量较大时选择零售商分散决策较优,而在市场容量较小时选择零售商集中决策较优.     

Leave the expressway or not？ Impact of dynamic information

This study investigates drivers＇ diversion decision behavior under expressway variable message signs that provide travel time of both an expressway route and a local street route. Both a conventional cross-sectional logit model and a mixed logit model are developed to model drivers＇ response to travel time information. It is based on the data collected from a stated preference survey in Shanghai, China. The mixed logit model captures the heterogeneity in the value of ＂travel time＂ and ＂number of traffic lights＂ and accounts for correlations among repeated choices of the same respondent. Results show that travel time saving and driving experience serve as positive factors, while the number of traffic lights on the arterial road, expressway use frequency, being a middle-aged driver, and being a driver of an employer-provided car serve as negative factors in diversion. The mixed logit model obviously outperforms the cross-sectional model in dealing with repeated choices and capturing heterogeneity regarding the goodness-of-fit criterion. The significance of standard deviations of random coefficients for travel time and number of traffic lights evidences the existence of hetero- geneity in the driver population. The findings of this study have implications for future efforts in driver behaviormodeling and advanced traveler information system assessment.     

一种快速球面窗口三维线的裁剪算法

提出一种快速的球面窗口三维线裁剪方法：排除两端点都在任意坐标半轴方向球切面之外或任意45＆#176;方向球切面之外的线段,并确定至少一端点在球面内的线段与球面窗口的相交关系.对于其它两端点都在球面窗口之外的线段,过球心作决策平面,并相交球面形成决策圆.通过判断线段两端点在决策平面的同侧还是异侧,以及线段与决策平面的交点相对于决策圆的位置关系确定线段是否与球面窗口相交.该方法可以快速排除大部分不与球面窗口相交的线段,加快求交进程,显著提高裁剪效率.     

舰艇受损消防系统消防能力评估及抢修决策智能化系统研究

舰艇消防系统战时受损后,快速准确地对其消防能力进行评估是制定损管方案的基础.文中使用数学中的"图",对舰艇消防系统进行了数学建模;设计了消防能力智能评估算法和抢修方案智能化生成算法;在VB编程环境下建立了消防能力智能化评估及智能抢修决策系统,提高了评估和决策的速度和精度.     

铁路客运专线车站乘客集散微观仿真模型

为优化铁路客运专线车站的设计,研究了考虑不同发车频率的客流生成机制,应用标准的马尔可夫决策过程描述了乘客在车站内的集散过程,提出了基于逻辑网络和点阵的设备控制表示方法,建立了铁路客运专线车站乘客集散微观仿真模型.仿真发现:当行人移动空间在0.5 m2左右时,流量达到峰值,速度分布在20～80 m*min-1,并随密度增加呈指数递减趋势;在相同客流输入条件下,不同设施上的客流集散规律不同;通过对行人复杂行为的仿真,成功再现了客流集散中的自组织现象,有效避免了交通流基本图模拟现实交通中的不适应取值范围.结果表明模型具有较高的可靠性和实用性.     

改进的属性约简算法及其在决策树中的应用

针对传统的基于区分矩阵属性约简算法在构建区分矩阵时生成很多冗余元素,空间和时间性能上不够理想的缺点,利用动态数组及新的约简过程进一步改进,最后把新的属性约简算法应用到决策树的构建上,实验证明,该算法能够提高决策树分类性能.