汽车操纵稳定性主客观评价数据的一种处理方法

汽车操纵稳定性主客观评价之间的相关性分析是汽车技术的重要课题。提出了汽车操纵稳定性主客观评价数据的一种处理方法．通过回归分析筛选客观参数，运用BP神经网络建立相关性模型，验证结果说明了该方法的可行性。     

基于模糊线性回归的小轿车运行车速区间预测

将小轿车在公路上的运行车速用三角模糊数来表征.基于二级公路上30个样本路段的平曲线半径、纵坡度等线形数据和实测车速,利用模糊线性回归方法建立了小轿车第85百分位运行车速区间预测模型.通过另外10个样本路段数据对该区间预测模型进行了验证,结果表明:小轿车运行车速的95％置信区间大都处于模糊线性预测区间之内;预测得到的模糊中心值与观测值的相对偏差和模糊度与观测值的比值两种评价指标均在10％以内.同时,将模糊中心值和线性回归预测值进行了比较,结果表明:模糊线性回归模型的平均绝对误差、平均相对误差和最大相对误差三个指标均优于线性回归模型,达到了更高的估计精度.     

快速公交客流量影响因素解释结构模型构建与应用

针对当前交通拥堵、能源紧张、尾气污染等一系列问题,为加快快速公共交通的发展、提高公共交通利用率,本文找出了影响快速公交客流的主要因素,利用系统工程学中的ISM方法,构建了快速公交客流系统解释结构模型,通过分析探讨快速公交客流的主要影响因素,进而明确了各因素间的清晰结构,得到影响快速公交客流量的5级递阶结构;最后找出影响快速公交客流因素的各影响因素.通过影响因素,建立了多元回归模型,从影响程度、影响方向、影响时期分别归类分析.通过分析各层级因素对快速公交客流量的影响,可引导更多居民选择快速公交出行,对缓解交通压力提供了一定方法指导和决策支持.并通过合理分析为快速公交运输服务提出了建议.     

Flexible long range planning using low cost information

Contemporary transport planning requires a flexible modelling approach which can be used to monitor the implementation of a long term plan checking regularly its short term performance with easily available data; the original model is periodically updated using low cost information and this allows the evaluation of the changes to the plan which may be required. Such an approach requires models suited to regular updating and to the use of data from different sources. Models to update trip matrices from traffic counts have been available for some time; however, the estimation and/or updating of other model stages with low cost data has escaped analytical treatment. The paper discusses this idea and formulates the updating problem for an example involving a joint destination/mode choice model under various assumptions about the nature of the available data. Analytical solutions are proposed as well as some general conclusions.requests for offprints     

Empirical approaches to combining revealed and stated preference data: Some recent developments with reference to urban mode choice

This paper replaces the nested logit ‘trick’ used in estimation of a modal choice model, when stated preference (SP) and revealed preference (RP) data are pooled, with an error component mixed logit model that can (i) relax the IID condition attached to subsets of alternatives in nested logit models, (ii) accommodate correlated observations, and (iii) reveal the relevant scale parameter for subsets of alternatives. Such a model can also incorporate state dependence between data types and preference heterogeneity on observed attributes. An example of choice among bus, train and car modes illustrates the difference in empirical evidence, especially elasticity outputs.     

The multinomial logit model revisited: A semi-parametric approach in discrete choice analysis

The multinomial logit model in discrete choice analysis is widely used in transport research. It has long been known that the Gumbel distribution forms the basis of the multinomial logit model. Although the Gumbel distribution is a good approximation in some applications such as route choice problems, it is chosen mainly for mathematical convenience. This can be restrictive in many other scenarios in practice. In this paper we show that the assumption of the Gumbel distribution can be substantially relaxed to include a large class of distributions that is stable with respect to the minimum operation. The distributions in the class allow heteroscedastic variances. We then seek a transformation that stabilizes the heteroscedastic variances. We show that this leads to a semi-parametric choice model which links the linear combination of travel-related attributes to the choice probabilities via an unknown sensitivity function. This sensitivity function reflects the degree of travelers’ sensitivity to the changes in the combined travel cost. The estimation of the semi-parametric choice model is also investigated and empirical studies are used to illustrate the developed method.     

电动自行车与机动车事故严重性影响因素分析

为减少电动自行车与机动车事故造成的损失,定量剖析不同因素对事故严重程度的差异性影响至关重要。基于上虞区2018年10304起电动自行车与机动车事故,分析该类事故的严重性分布情况和时间与空间分布特性。以事故严重性为因变量,将其有序分为未受伤、轻伤及重伤事故3类,从时间、空间、道路、环境、骑行者及车型6个方面,选取17个事故严重性潜在影响因素,采用多项Logit模型、有序Logit模型、广义有序Logit模型及偏比例优势模型进行拟合度对比分析,并以最佳模型(偏比例优势模型)和边际效应,量化分析各因素对事故严重性影响的显著性与差异性。结果表明,除节日类型、车道限速、车流相交角及温度对事故严重性影响不显著外,其余13个因素都有显著影响,事故时间、光线亮度、骑者性别、骑者年龄、车辆类型及电动自行车类型违反平行线假设;对该类事故严重性影响最大的前4个因素为电动自行车类型、机动车类型、骑行者年龄与性别,其边际效应绝对值的最大值均超过61%,事故区位、道路类型及光线亮度的影响较大(20%~30%),事故时间和风力等级影响较小(10%~20%),而季节、事故位置、慢行干扰度和天气状况的影响最小(≤8%)。基于各因素的差异性影响,为交通管理部门提出了有效改善建议。     

基于固有匹配对数据的交通事故致亡风险因素分析

机动车乘员在道路交通事故中死亡风险的大小受到很多因素的影响.为分析交通事故中致亡因素的非线性效应,在美国交通事故死亡分析报告(FARS)的数据基础上,对机动车乘员的事故结果进行匹配筛选,得到了固有匹配对数据.进而以相对死亡风险为衡量指标,通过非参数logistic回归的方法揭露了性别、年龄、安全带的使用情况以及座椅位置4个因素对致亡伤害的深层次影响机理,有望为交通安全政策的制定和交通安全措施的实施提供重要依据.除此之外,非参数logistic模型能够揭露年龄作为连续变量的重要非线性影响.研究结果表明,固有匹配对的数据结构能够排除外界因素对模型的干扰,且性别、年龄、安全带的使用情况以及座椅位置4个因素会对交通事故中机动车乘员死亡风险的大小造成显著影响.女性的死亡风险相对男性高出15.9%(对数值);使用安全带可以降低74.8%的死亡风险(对数值);死亡风险随机动车乘员年龄增长呈上升趋势;小汽车的后座左侧和后座中间位置是最安全的位置.