考虑车体弹性效应的铁道客车系统振动分析

建立了铁道客车垂向振动系统数学模型。将车体看成两端自由的均质等截面欧拉梁,并考虑二系悬挂采用半主动减振器,导出客车系统的运动微分方程组,给出客车系统各模态共振速度的定义和计算公式。共振速度是车辆系统的固有属性,车体弹性振动各模态共振速度由车体的自振频率和车辆定距决定。计算车体一阶和二阶弯曲振动共振速度及对应的轨道波长,进行了客车系统在轨道简谐输入情况下的幅频特性分析和随机输入情况下的随机响应分析。通过计算可知,为了减小车体垂向共振峰值,车体一阶弯曲自振频率应尽量离开构架的浮沉自振频率;由于车体弹性振动的影响,车体端部的振动加速度和位移要大于中部,弹性车体模型的平稳性指标大于刚性车体;采用半主动减振器能够显著降低车体的加速度、位移和平稳性指标,但会使构架的加速度和位移有所增大。     

Three-dimensional analysis of transient slosh within a partly-filled tank equipped with baffles

The directional dynamic analyses of partly-filled tank vehicles have been limited to quasi-static fluid motion due to computational complexities associated with dynamic fluid slosh analyses. The dynamic fluid slosh causes significantly higher magnitudes of slosh forces and moments in the transient state that cannot be characterized through quasi-static approach, which provides reasonably good estimates of the mean responses. In this study, a three-dimensional nonlinear model of a partly-filled cylindrical tank with and without baffles is developed to investigate the significance of resulting destabilizing forces and moments caused by the transient fluid slosh, and the effects of baffles. The baffles and the end caps are modeled with curved shapes. The analyses are performed under varying magnitudes of steady lateral, longitudinal and combinations of lateral and longitudinal accelerations of the tank, and two different fill volumes using the FLUENT software. The results of the study are presented in terms of mean and peak slosh forces and moments, and variations in the mass moments of inertia of the fluid cargo within a clean bore and a baffled tank, for two different fill volumes and different magnitudes of acceleration excitations. The ratios of transient responses to the mean responses, termed as amplification factors, are further described to emphasize the significance of dynamic fluid slosh on the forces and moments induced on the vehicle. The results in general suggest that the mean responses attained from dynamic fluid slosh analyses correlate well with those attained from the quasi-static analyses for a clean bore tank. The amplification ratios of the resulting forces and moments could approach as high as 2. The results clearly show that the presence of baffles helps to suppress the peak as well as mean slosh forces and moments significantly.     

A General Method for the Evaluation of Vehicle Manoeuvrability with Special Emphasis on Motorcycles

This paper presents a novel approach to the assessment of the manoeuvrability of vehicles which is not based on the simulation of open-loop manoeuvres, nor does it rely on the modelling of the driver as a control system. Instead, the essence of the method is the solution of a two-point optimal control boundary value problem, in which a vehicle, subject to physical constraints like tyre adherence and road borders, among others, is required to go between given initial and final positions as fast as possible. The control inputs - i.e., the driver's actions - that make the vehicle move between the two states in the most efficient way are found as a part of the solution procedure and represent the actions of a sort of ideal, perfect driver. The resulting motion is called the optimal manoeuvre and, besides being the most efficient way that the given vehicle has for travelling between the two points according to the chosen optimal criterion, may be taken as a reference for meaningful comparisons with other vehicles. The value of the penalty function, used to define the optimal condition occurring at the optimal manoeuvre, may be taken as a measure of manoeuvrability or handling. With this approach the manoeuvrability properties are established as intrinsic to the vehicle, being defined with respect to an ideal perfect driver. Some possible forms of the penalty function, which means slightly different concepts of manoeuvrability and handling, are discussed. In the end, the case of motorcycles and some examples of optimal manoeuvres are given.     

主冷却剂泵变频调速方案可行性研究

从提高核动力装置安全性的角度出发，通过对变频调速技术及两种方案的对比计算研究，从理论上论证了主冷却剂泵采取变频调速方案的优点和可行性.     

自然数的分拆与概率独立性

将自然数n表示为成比例的4个自然数之和,称为n的一个按比例分拆.本文通过讨论按比例分拆与概率独立性的关系,用概率的方法对任意的自然数n构造了n的全部按比例分拆,从而得到了n的按比例分拆的计数公式;作为推论,可以得到关于质数的一个判别准则.     

基于Simulink的柴油引燃式天然气发动机控制模型开发

为了提高柴油引燃式天然气发动机在中小负荷的热效率,采用具备电子节气门的电子控制系统,利用Simulink软件开发了针对该系统的具有电子节气门控制功能的发动机控制模型,通过自动代码生成工具生成嵌入式代码,并下载至发动机控制器进行试验。试验结果表明,该节气门控制算法具有较好的控制效果,发动机控制算法能够有效控制发动机中小负荷的混合气空燃比,明显提高热效率。     

海南火山熔岩区不良地质分布区划研究

根据海南区域地质构造及火山系统的分布特点,熔岩流及其形成的不良地质空间分布对公路工程的影响程度,结合GIS地理信息系统,在1∶50万的地理底图基础上,建立了海南火山熔岩不良地质分布的公路单项自然区划。研究结果表明:火山作用地质特征及熔岩流向与区域断裂带和火山系统分布空间位置有关,熔岩流向在空间分布及熔岩隧洞等不良地质体的发育具有一定的规律性,但在较小范围的特定区内,其出现有着随机性。以各主要火山系统或火山群为中心,其半径为0~10 km划分为Ⅰ类影响区,半径为10~20 km划分为Ⅱ类影响区,琼北其它熔岩地区划分为Ⅲ类区,全岛剩余地区划分为Ⅳ类区。     

动力吸振器在轿车低频轰鸣声控制中的应用

针对某试验车后排右侧乘员处低频轰鸣声的特性及传递路径灵敏度进行了分析,确定发动机的2阶振动是该低频轰鸣声的主要贡献,是通过发动机的后悬置点传递到车身而引起的。提出了安装动力吸振器来减小发动机后悬置点处对振动传递的方法,并通过锤击试验和整车道路模拟试验表明,在该车前副车架后悬置点处安装动力吸振器,能够有效抑制其发动机转速为2 040 r/min时后排产生的低频轰鸣声。     

基于跳频技术的反恐排爆机器人通信系统设计

针对反恐排爆任务的特殊性以及固定载波频率的无线通信系统在数据发射和接收过程中,信息易受到干扰、破坏、截获等导致丢失的问题,设计了一种基于STM32和nRF905的低成本低功耗的反恐排爆机器人跳频通信系统。文中给出了系统的软硬件设计及实现方法,描述了软件跳频协议的实现方式,设计了软件跳频协议来提高系统在同频干扰下的抗干扰能力。实验结果表明:通信收发双方在1000 m的范围内,该系统可以有效地避免同频干扰,提高系统传输的可靠性。     

LNG船液舱围护系统安装平台基于极限承载力的可靠度分析

在充分考虑构件的初始缺陷以及几何与材料非线性可能对结构整体稳定性造成影响的基础上,针对174 000 m3 LNG船液舱围护系统安装平台,选取典型的双排脚手架结构作为研究对象,首先通过对整体结构的失效模式追踪,确定结构体系的极限承载力;然后在中心复合抽样试验设计的基础上,将响应面法与非线性有限元法结合起来,对安装平台进行基于极限承载力的可靠性评估。结果表明,用此法来求解结构体系基于极限承载力的可靠度问题不但可行,而且能大幅提高计算的效率。