Longer-term changes in mode choice decisions in Chennai: a comparison between cross-sectional and dynamic models

The rapid and continuing changes in travel and mobility needs in India over the last decade necessitates the development and use of dynamic models for travel demand forecasting rather than cross-sectional models. In this context, this paper investigates mode choice dynamics among workers in Chennai city, India over a period of five years (1999–2004). Dynamics in mode choice is captured at four levels: exogenous variable change, state-dependence, changes in users’ sensitivity to attributes, and unobserved error terms. The results show that the dynamic models provide a substantial improvement (of over 500 log-likelihood points and ρ² increases from 44% to 68%) over the cross-sectional model. The performance was compared using two illustrative policy scenarios with important methodological and practical implications. The results indicate that cross-sectional models tend to provide inflated estimates of potential improvement measures. Improving the Level of Service (LOS) alone will not produce the anticipated benefits to transit agencies, as it fails to overcome the persistent inertia captured in the state-dependence factors. The results and models have important applications in the context of growing motorization and congestion management in developing countries.

Road characteristics and environment factors associated with motorcycle fatal crashes in Malaysia

This study aims to determine risk factors contributing to traffic crashes in 9,176 fatal cases involving motorcycle in Malaysia between 2010 and 2012. For this purpose, both multinomial and mixed models of motorcycle fatal crash outcome based on the number of vehicle involved are estimated. The corresponding model predicts the probability of three fatal crash outcomes: motorcycle single-vehicle fatal crash, motorcycle fatal crash involving another vehicle and motorcycle fatal crash involving two or more vehicles. Several road characteristic and environmental factors are considered including type of road in the hierarchy, location, road geometry, posted speed limit, road marking type, lighting, time of day and weather conditions during the fatal crash. The estimation results suggest that curve road sections, no road marking, smooth, rut and corrugation of road surface and wee hours, i.e. between 00.00 am to 6 am, increase the probability of motorcycle single-vehicle fatal crashes. As for the motorcycle fatal crashes involving multiple vehicles, factors such as expressway, primary and secondary roads, speed limit more than 70 km/h, roads with non-permissible marking, i.e. double lane line and daylight condition are found to cause an increase the probability of their occurrence. The estimation results also suggest that time of day (between 7 pm to 12 pm) has an increasing impact on the probability of motorcycle single-vehicle fatal crashes and motorcycle fatal crashes involving two or more vehicles. Whilst the multinomial logit model was found as more parsimonious, the mixed logit model is likely to capture the unobserved heterogeneity in fatal motorcycle crashes based on the number of vehicles involved due to the underreporting data with two random effect parameters including 70 km/h speed limit and double lane line road marking.     

合理制定铁路旅客票价的优化方法

在分析铁路旅客运输特点的基础上,讨论影响旅客出行广义费用的因素,提出了一种新的计算旅客广义出行费用的方法。随后用一个LOGIT模型来描述不同运输方式竞争条件下旅客出行方式的选择行为,在此基础上确定一个合适的票价,使铁路运输部门的经济效益最大,并给出了该模型的求解算法。最后用一个简单的算例来说明该模型及算法的应用。     

基于D-optimal试验设计的公共交通出行logit模型

以成都到龙泉片区的交通通道为研究对象,假设通道开通地铁的情况下,采用D-optimal试验设计意愿调查问卷,选择费用、时间等变量以及个人属性作为效用变量,建立公共交通出行的多项logit模型,结合意愿调查数据对模型进行求解,分析通道中公共交通出行选择行为,并预测成都到龙泉片区主要交通方式的客流分担率。分析表明,地铁将承担通道中大部分的客流。     

Testing port choice models using physical and monetary data: a comparative case study for the Spanish container trades

ABSTRACT

Transport costs are useful explanatory variables in port choice research. Nevertheless, the availability of such information usually poses a problem. Thus, the formulation of an alternative approach, to be used as a proxy of these variables, would be desirable. The objective of this study is to improve the analysis of container port choice using logit models by adopting physical non-monetary indicators based on maritime distance and ship size. The statistical tests of logit models on port choice using these new variables are compared with the result of using cost variables for the same data set of choice positions. The statistical outcome is good and allows us to present this new approach as a contribution to the literature on port choice modeling.     

基于广义巢式Logit 的多用户多准则随机 用户平衡模型

介绍了广义巢式Logit 的基本理论,在此基础上,考虑具有不同时间价值的多种 用户类别出行者,构造了基于广义巢式Logit 的多用户多准则随机用户平衡的等价数学 规划模型,并对该模型的等价性和唯一性进行了证明.设计了求解所提出的随机用户平衡 模型的基于路径的相继平均法,通过一个算例验证了所设计算法的有效性. 分析了分散 系数变化对交通分配结果的影响,最后与多项式Logit 的分配结果进行对比.算例结果表 明,本文所提出的模型能够克服多项式Logit 模型的IIA 特性,设计的算法具有较高的求 解效率.     

城市轨道交通在机场枢纽集疏运体系中 的竞争力分析

对比分析国内外机场集疏运体系的交通方式结构可以发现,我国机场集疏 运体系中城市轨道交通所承担的运输份额远低于其他国家.本文分析了影响机场集疏 运体系中各交通方式竞争力的主要因素,构建了城市轨道交通竞争力的多元 Logit 模 型.以首都机场为研究案例,验证了本文模型的正确性与有效性.最后提出了提高机场 城市轨道交通系统竞争力的措施,通过灵敏度分析得出了各项措施对城市轨道交通 系统市场份额的影响.     

基于 BL 模型的居民小汽车出行行为研究

本文采用离散选择模型,对采集到的4071份调查问卷所得到的居民出行情况进行分析,建立了BL 模型,定量分析影响小汽车出行行为的影响因素.分析结果表明:家庭月收入、出行距离和是否拥有驾照对小汽车出行的影响最大,出行费用、出行时间等因素对是否选择小汽车出行也有显著影响,而年龄、出行目的等因素则对是否选择小汽车出行的影响不显著.随后,对小汽车出行概率影响显著的因素做了敏感性分析,模型检验的结果说明该模型具有较好的精度.     

土地开发利用和社会经济发展对家庭汽车拥有量的影响——沙特阿拉伯利雅得市和澳大利亚墨尔本市的比较(英文)

汽车保有量取决于城市的土地开发模式。在一定时期内,一个地区的就业、住房、休闲、教育和购物条件以及家庭成员的年龄、性别、收入和家庭规模都会影响到人们对出行目的地和出行方式的选择,而家庭住房位置的影响则是长期的。应用沙特阿拉伯利雅得和澳大利亚墨尔本两座城市数据,分析了城市总体用地水平和人均水平、家庭人口及其距离工作地点的路程等对家庭汽车拥有量的影响,建立了家庭汽车拥有量多项式逻辑模型。模型表明,城市扩张是影响家庭汽车拥有量的主要因素,利雅得市家庭汽车拥有量在2辆以上,而墨尔本市不少于1辆。