低碳交通下快速公交票价优化研究

针对低碳交通对公共交通的特殊要求,首先介绍了低碳交通的内涵;然后分析了常规公交和快速公交的合作竞争,采用Logit模型对两者的合作竞争博弈进行了数学描述;并以快速公交票价为决策变量,建立了基于低碳交通效益值最大化的快速公交票价优化模型;最后用案例对模型进行了实用性验证,案例结果验证的模型的可行性.     

基于分层logit模型的旅游交通方式选择研究

通过对旅客进行旅游交通方式选择的量化研究,得出各交通方式的选择概率,有利于各旅游地进行规划.首先通过分析过去与现在人们旅游交通工具的选择的不同,得出影响交通工具选择的影响因素.然后根据各个影响因素建立分层logit预测模型,对水平1和水平2进行标定,得出各个影响因素的参数值,从而得到各交通方式的选择概率.再利用该建模对近、中、远3种距离模式进行交通工具选择的预测,最后得到的预测结果与实际情况较为符合,相差的概率在0.05以内.     

基于混合Logit的居住地和就业地选择行为模型

为了剖析城市居民在选择居住地和就业地时的决策机理,利用混合Logit模型建立了城市居住地选择模型和就业地选择模型.针对北京28个住宅小区进行了问卷调查,共发放2 520份问卷,回收1 994份有效问卷,利用调查数据对模型参数进行了估计.结果表明,＂出行距离＂是影响居民在进行居住地与就业地选址时的首要因素,除此之外,＂轨道站点数量＂是影响居住地选择的主要因素,＂出行成本＂则是影响就业地选择的主要因素.     

基于极值分布的离散选择模型尺度参数

为了准确把握尺度参数在模型建模、分析以及应用过程中的作用, 以基于极值分布的Multinomial Logit模型和Nested Logit模型为研究对象, 从建模的基础——误差项的分布形式入手, 通过模型形式和误差项性质两方面研究了尺度参数在两种模型中的特性, 并对其进行了对比分析。分析结果表明: 尺度参数不仅限制了模型效用函数的尺度, 而且也反映了误差项的方差水平, 但对于以上两种不同的模型, 其在尺度限制、误差项方差水平及独立性、自身取值范围等方面均表现出不同的特性, Multinomial Logit模型的尺度参数反映了有关整个效用确定项的误差项方差水平, 而Nested Logit模型的尺度参数只是反映了与某一选择枝有关的部分效用确定项的误差项方差水平。     

双层嵌套多目标概率模型在珠江三角洲港口工程环境分析中的应用

鉴于未来全球气候变暖、台风强度和频次有逐渐加剧的趋势,建港地区工程风险须得到重视。在分析了珠江三角洲所受台风灾害的基本类型后,采用双层嵌套多目标概率模式及复合极值分布模型（MCEVD）对珠三角的台风灾害及超强台风进行了预测,并将计算结果应用于港区最大风速、波高、排水等方面的设计。该模型能全面系统地反映台风致灾的整体机制,在港口工程环境分析中得到了较好的应用。     

Effect of risk preference on the valuation of time charter contracts with extension options

ABSTRACT

The literature on valuation of time charter contracts and real options in shipping generally relies on the complete markets hypothesis and the risk-neutrality of agents. However, these assumptions fail completely in some shipping market segments. This study proposes a numerical approach—based on discounting the certainty equivalent payoff at the risk-free rate—which incorporates the agent’s risk preferences through an exponential utility function. The method comprises an iterative Monte Carlo nested simulation with the real probability measure. This method is applied to a case of Suezmax tankers. The stochastic evolution of the time charter rates is modelled as a geometric mean-reverting process. The case study supports the applicability of the proposed method and evidences that the effect of risk preference may be significant, mainly for more risk-averse agents. Although the method involves intensive computation, it has the benefits of theoretical ease and flexibility, which could encourage utilisation by practitioners.     

停车诱导系统的诱导效果分析

介绍了诱导后即有完整停车信息下的多项logit停车选择模型,其中共有4个停车场属性的影响因素;构建了诱导前即无停车信息下的停车选择模型,包括停车寻泊路径选择的logit概率模型和把不确定信息下转化为不完美信息的停车场选择方法。在此基础上对一个算例进行了模拟分析,得到了诱导前和诱导后各路段上的车辆数、各停车场的车位利用率以及排队等待入库的车辆数。     

Modelling parking choices considering user heterogeneity

We examine car driver’s behaviour when choosing a parking place; the alternatives available are free on-street parking, paid on-street parking and parking in an underground multi-storey car park. A mixed logit model, allowing for correlation between random taste parameters and estimated using stated choice data, is used to infer values of time, both when looking for a parking space and for accessing the final destination. Apart from the cost of parking, we found that vehicle age was a key variable when choosing where to park in Spain. We also found that the perception of the parking charge was fairly heterogeneous, depending both on the drivers’ income levels and whether or not they were local residents. Our results can be generalised for personalised policy making related with parking demand management.     

Women’s mode and trip structure choices in daily activity-travel: a developing country perspective

ABSTRACT

In this paper, we analyze the travel patterns of Iranian women, where typical patriarchal views and specific social and cultural norms may differ from the patterns of those in western societies. In addition to inherent psycho-physical gender differences, women in Iran can face special constraints forcing them not to be involved in all activity-travel patterns that people in developed countries usually undertake. We pay special attention to the role of marital and employment status on women’s activity-travel patterns. To this end, we develop a joint mode and daily activity pattern (DAP) discrete choice model, which is a two-level mixed nested Logit. The upper nest of the proposed model embodies women’s DAP choices, and the lower nest belongs to the mode choices. In this paper, we try to show how different factors in a patriarchal Muslim society like Iran affect or restrict women’s type and structure of activity-travel patterns.