An exploration of shoppers travel mode choice in visiting convenience stores in the UK

Using data from over 2000 convenience store customers within and outside London, this paper explores how individuals access their convenience stores and how significant the influence of their socio-demographics, shopping types and trip chaining is to their mode choice in visiting the stores. Trip chaining is found to be crucial in influencing customers' mode choice and their visit frequency. The application of logit models also shows that frequent shoppers are the ones most likely to visit the stores on foot. Interestingly, the estimation results also show that the location's density, shopping types and the day of the week are not significant in influencing travel modes. Customers who live in the most deprived areas are less likely to use a private car in visiting the stores.     

The effects of lighting on driver's injury severity at highway‐rail grade crossings

This study estimates the safety effect of illumination on accidents at highway‐rail grade crossings in the United States, using data from exhaustive data from Federal Railroad Administration database covering the period 2002–2011. Using mixed logit modeling approach, the study explores the determinants of driver injury severity at unlighted highway‐rail grade crossings compared with lighted highway‐rail grade crossings in the United States. Several key issues are explored including availability of relevant highway‐rail grade crossing accident inventory data; relevant data element structures; specification and estimation of models to estimate driver's injury severity with lighting and without lighting; and techniques to interpret model parameters. Overall, highway‐rail grade crossing lighting improves safety by reducing the probability of high‐level injury severity through improvements in driver's visibility compared with unlighted intersections. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Assessing carbon reduction effects toward the mode shift of green transportation system

Plans are underway to introduce green transportation systems at Taiwan's famous scenic spot, Sun Moon Lake, to reduce carbon emissions. Carbon reduction effects after changing the current lake tour modes are assessed using a nested logit model with a stated preference survey, which investigated tourists' choice preferences. The empirical results reveal that the modes of electric bus, electric vehicle sharing, and bike are clustered in the same competitive group. Travel cost, in‐vehicle travel time, and out‐vehicle travel time are found to be statistically significant with the expected negative effects. In particular, the attribute of carbon reduction is only significant for green tourists, who are willing to pay US$ 3.5/kg of carbon saved. The result indicates that more efficient carbon reduction is possible by restricting the usage of gasoline vehicles rather than improving the service levels of low‐carbon modes. Notably, the effect of parking charges on emission reduction is equal to the amount of carbon dioxide absorbed by 4511 trees per day. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Highway drivers' willingness to pay for speeding violations in Taiwan

This study investigates the effects of various factors on highway drivers' speeding behaviour and estimates the amount of money that a highway driver is willing to pay for speeding violations in Taiwan. The contingent valuation method is applied to measure drivers' preference and to derive the value function of the amount of money. Logit and probit models are estimated to analyse the significant variables influencing speeding behaviour and to calculate the willingness to pay for speeding violations. The research results show that increasing speeding fines is an effective way to reduce illegal driving behaviour on highways. Significant variables affecting highway drivers' speeding behaviour include gender, engine capacity, past offenders in the previous year, and the risk‐seeking characteristics of drivers. Finally, the logit and probit models show that the amounts of money that highway drivers are willing to pay for speeding violations are $US119 and $US116, respectively. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A comparative study of a hybrid Logit–Fratar and neural network models for trip distribution: case of the city of Isfahan

This paper introduces a new procedure to forecast the future O/D demand. It is a hybrid of logit and Fratar model. The hybrid model has the long run, policy sensitive, characteristic of a logit model, calibrated at sector‐level with little/no zero O/D cells. This feature, joint with a Fratar‐type operation at zonal level within a sector, gives a better performance to this model than either of the two types of the models alone. The performance of the hybrid model is contrasted with a neural network model, and shows encouraging results in a real case. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

交通出行方式离散选择模型的效用随机项结构研究综述

多项Logit模型效用随机项独立同分布的假定为多项Logit模型带来IIA属性,降低了多项Logit模型的行为解释能力。以多项Logit模型的基本假定为基础,以开发能够真实反映不同选择肢效用随机项的异方差性和相关性的效用随机项结构为目标,逐步放松多项Logit模型效用随机项独立同分布的刚性假定,系统综述了不独立同分布、独立不同分布、不独立不同分布的效用随机项结构的拓展。