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公路超限运输危害巨大,为有效治超,深入分析超限车辆的出行选择行为.超限车辆为实现运输效益最大化,将对其超限程度、出行线路等做出一系列出行选择,不同的出行选择决策决定超限车辆的出行成本和出行收益大小.在公路超限车辆出行选择决策行为和出行效用分析的基础上,建立超限车辆出行超限程度与出行线路这种存在层次关系决策行为的巢式Logit逻辑决策模型.从概率角度用定量方法分析超限车辆出行个体的出行选择行为,为公路超限运输的治理工作提供科学指导,同时也将为超限车辆补偿费率制定提供理论支持.     

The valuation of commuter travel time savings for car drivers: evaluating alternative model specifications

The empirical valuation of travel time savings is a derivative of the ratio of parameter estimates in a discrete choice model. The most common formulation (multinomial logit) imposes strong restrictions on the profile of the unobserved influences on choice as represented by the random component of a preference function. As we progress our ability to relax these restrictions we open up opportunities to benchmark the values derived from simple (albeit relatively restrictive) models. In this paper we contrast the values of travel time savings derived from multinomial logit and alternative specifications of mixed (or random parameter) logit models. The empirical setting is urban car commuting in six locations in New Zealand. The evidence suggests that less restrictive choice model specifications tend to produce higher estimates of values of time savings compared to the multinomial logit model; however the degree of under-estimation of multinomial logit remains quite variable, depending on the context.     

基于Logit模型的居住区共享泊位选择行为分析

为定量描述停车者对居住区共享泊位的选择行为影响因素,将停车者的个人属性与出行属性作为效用变量,将居住区共享泊位停车和路内就近停车作为选择肢,建立二项Logit模型。分析表明：个人月收入、停车时长、额外步行距离、费率差等为影响停车者选择居住区共享泊位停车的显著影响因素,其中额外步行距离和费率差对共享泊位选择概率的影响程度更大,较低层次的个人月收入变化对共享泊位选择概率的影响更大。     

基于PSL模型的轨道车站行人路径选择研究

根据效用最大化理论,建立了path-size logit（PSL）模型和路径效用函数.以北京市地铁十号线国贸站的调查数据为基础,标定了模型参数.对模型的分析表明,行人在轨道车站售票区域的路径选择与出行目的及各设施的服务时间有关,同时,路径重复系数对路径效用的影响大,佐证了行人对拥挤路径的规避行为.     

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在分析通勤者出行时间与出行方式选择特征的基础上,建立出行时间—出行方式与出行方式—出行时间两个方向的Nested Logit模型.利用北京市第三次居民出行调查数据,借助BIOGEME软件对两个模型进行估计.首先通过包容系数对Nested Logit模型的结构关系进行辨识,结果显示,出行时间—出行方式选择模型比出行方式—出行时间选择模型合理,表明通勤者在选择出行时间后,在其约束下考虑合适的出行方式;在此基础上,对出行时间—出行方式选择模型的参数进行标定并分析标定结果,进一步揭示通勤者出行时间与出行方式的选择特征,从而为制定高峰时期相关管理政策提供理论依据.     

具有模糊特性变量的出行方式预测Logit模型

基于非集计模型与模糊数学理论,以城市群居民出行行为为研究对象,选择出行者的出行时间和出行费用作为影响因素,利用极大似然估计法进行参数标定,通过t检验、命中率检验与优度检验,将出行时间模糊化,忽略出行费用的影响,建立了具有模糊特性变量的出行方式预测Logit模型。将轨道交通与小汽车2种出行方式的时间模糊化参数分别选为0.1、0.3、0.5,分析了出行方式与出行时间对居民出行行为的影响。分析结果表明:轨道交通与小汽车的平均出行感知时间之比为0.8～1.2,且2种出行感知时间同等程度变化;当轨道交通出行时间模糊化参数为0.1,小汽车出行时间小于70min时,出行者均选择轨道交通出行;当轨道交通出行时间模糊化参数为0.3,小汽车出行时间小于67min时,出行者继续选择轨道交通出行,但当小汽车出行时间大于67min,小汽车出行时间模糊化参数分别为0.1、0.3时,出行者选择小汽车出行;当轨道交通出行时间模糊化参数为0.5,小汽车出行时间小于58min时,出行者仍然选择轨道交通出行,但当小汽车出行时间大于66min时,出行者均选择小汽车出行。     

基于多层Logit模型的货物运输链选择研究

以物流运输活动中不同货物运输链的选择为研究对象,建立了多层Logit模型进行具体地研究.以效用理论为基础,分析了不同运输链中运输方式的各种影响因素,按照运输方式的特点,将运输链分为多方式和单一方式两大类,并在此分类基础上建立了二层的选择树模型.利用调查数据对模型效用函数的参数进行了标定,并对参数的标定结果进行了验证.最后,通过具体实例证实了多层Logit模型在货物运输链选择研究中的实用性和有效性.     

Air itinerary shares estimation using multinomial logit models

ABSTRACT

The main goal of this study is the development of an aggregate air itinerary market share model. In order to achieve this, multinomial logit models are applied to distribute the city-pair passenger demand across the available itineraries. The models are developed at an aggregate level using open-source booking data for a large group of city-pairs within the US air transport system. Although there is a growing trend in the use of discrete choice models in the aviation industry, existing air itinerary share models are mostly focused on supporting carrier decision-making. Consequently, those studies define itineraries at a more disaggregate level using variables describing airlines and time preferences. In this study, we define itineraries at a more aggregate level, i.e. as a combination of flight segments between an origin and destination, without further insight into service preferences. Although results show some potential for this approach, there are challenges associated with prediction performance and computational intensity.     

Steady state analysis of towed marine cables

Efficient numerical schemes were presented for the steady state solutions of towed marine cables. For most of towed systems, the steady state problem can be resolved into two-point boundary-value problem, or initial value problem in some special cases where the initial values are available directly. A new technique was proposed and attempted to solve the two-point boundary-value problem rather than the conventional shooting method due to its algorithm complexity and low efficiency. First, the boundary conditions are transformed into a set of nonlinear governing equations about the initial values, then bisection method is employed to solve these nonlinear equations with the aid of 4th order Runge-Kutta method. In common sense, non-uniform (sheared) current is assumed, which varies in magnitude and direction with depth. The schemes are validated through the DE Zoysa's example, then several numerical examples are also presented to illustrate the numerical schemes.     

An analysis of bicycle route choice preferences in Texas,US

In the US, the rise in motorized vehicle travel has contributed to serious societal, environmental, economic, and public health problems. These problems have increased the interest in encouraging non-motorized modes of travel (walking and bicycling). The current study contributes toward this objective by identifying and evaluating the importance of attributes influencing bicyclists’ route choice preferences. Specifically, the paper examines a comprehensive set of attributes that influence bicycle route choice, including: (1) bicyclists’ characteristics, (2) on-street parking, (3) bicycle facility type and amenities, (4) roadway physical characteristics, (5) roadway functional characteristics, and (6) roadway operational characteristics. The data used in the analysis is drawn from a web-based stated preference survey of Texas bicyclists. The results of the study emphasize the importance of a comprehensive evaluation of both route-related attributes and bicyclists’ demographics in bicycle route choice decisions. The empirical results indicate that travel time (for commuters) and motorized traffic volume are the most important attributes in bicycle route choice. Other route attributes with a high impact include number of stop signs, red light, and cross-streets, speed limits, on-street parking characteristics, and whether there exists a continuous bicycle facility on the route.