西山沟Ⅱ号大桥连续箱梁支架施工技术

现浇梁桥支架结构丰富多样,合理的支架结构是施工安全、施工质量的重要保证。西山沟Ⅱ号大桥30 m连续现浇箱梁支架的设计与施工,采用合理的施工结构形式,充分考虑支架沉降带来的影响。在施工过程中,通过预压等实验手段,消除支架的非弹性变形,检测支架的弹性变形。     

地铁网络服务韧性评估与最优恢复策略

针对已有基于拓扑效率的地铁网络韧性指标无法反映地铁运营实际的不足,构建考虑线 路流量影响的路网服务效率指标和基于服务效率的路网服务韧性指标,以及基于路网服务效率 的节点重要度指标;提出以路网服务韧性最大化为目标的优化模型,并基于遗传算法求解模型获 得最优恢复策略。算例结果表明：分别以服务效率和拓扑效率作为路网性能指标,获得的失效节 点恢复次序明显不同;蓄意攻击下,最优恢复策略获得的路网服务韧性分别比基于重要度的优先 恢复策略、基于节点度的优先恢复策略和随机恢复策略高16.76%、72.11%和86.21%。上述结果 表明,必须根据地铁运营实际合理选择路网性能指标和恢复策略,否则可能得到次优甚至明显偏 离实际的方案,无法实现预期目标。     

A traffic-condition-based route guidance strategy for a single destination road network

Most of existing route guidance strategies achieves user optimal equilibrium by comparing travel time. Measuring travel time, however, might be uneasy on an urban road network. To contend with the issue, the paper mainly considers easily obtained inflow and outflow of a link and road capacity as input, and proposes a route guidance strategy for a single destination road network based on the determination of free-flow or congested conditions on alternative routes. An extended strategy for a complex network and a feedback approximation for avoiding forecast are further explored. Weaknesses of the strategy are also explicitly analyzed. To test the strategy, simulation investigations are conducted on two networks with multiple parallel routes. The results indicate that the strategy is able to provide stable splitting rates and to approximate user optimal equilibrium in different conditions, in particular when traffic demand is high. This strategy has potential to be applied in an urban road network due to its simplicity and easily obtained input data. The strategy is also applicable for single destination if some alternatives and similar routes are available.     

混合交通流条件下区域交通信号控制优化模型

针对传统区域交通控制技术无法应对机非冲突干扰的问题, 结合中国城市道路混合交通流的特点, 研究了交叉口与路段非机动车对机动车的干扰。分析了区域路网机动车交通特征, 确定了混合交通特性相似的区域。基于路段非机动车的阻滞作用, 分析了交叉口通行能力的折减与相邻交叉口相位差的优化。以区域路网机动车总延误为优化目标, 建立了非机动车影响条件下的区域交通信号控制优化模型, 优化了信号周期时长、绿信比和相位差等参数, 并利用遗传算法求解模型。利用VISSIM仿真软件, 以上海市杨浦区五角场环形区域路网为例对优化模型进行验证。验证结果表明: 现状信号控制方案下区域路网7个交叉口机动车的车均延误为24.5~42.9s, 平均为35.99s, 路网总延误为256.39h, 优化后交叉口的车均延误为21.8~36.4s, 平均为30.12s, 路网总延误为214.57h, 7个交叉口车均延误减少了10%~24%, 平均为16.31%。可见, 优化模型能够显著降低区域路网车均延误与总延误, 提高区域路网通行效率。     

变权值加快收敛的路径寻优实时算法

为获得满意解为目标的最优路径选择问题, 给出了一种加权的LRTA^* (LearningReal Time A^*) 算法, 通过改变估价函数值更新规则与解时间和解质量的相对折中, 加快算法收敛速度。实例应用表明, 该方法比LRTA^*算法更快地收敛于满意解, 是一种求解大城市稠密路网两点间最优路径的有效方法。     

Nonlinear pricing in linear cities with elastic demands

Nonlinear road pricing charges each traveler based on his/her trip’s corresponding particular attribute level. In order to help authorities in designing road pricing systems at a strategic level, this paper attempts to address two fundamental questions: (i) what is the value of pricing’s nonlinearity for mitigating traffic congestion? (ii) if a nonlinear toll function is implemented, should it be convex, concave or other shape? Specifically, we consider distance-based pricing in linear cities. For linear monocentric cities with heterogeneous travelers, we show that the system optimal distance-based pricing indeed exhibits nonlinearity. It is proved that: (i) the cost-based system optimal toll function is monotonically increasing and concave with respect to the traveled distance; (ii) the time-based system optimal toll function always exists and is unique. If the initial proportion of each traveler group is invariant along a corridor and the demand function is of exponential type, then the time-based system optimal toll function enables the travelers, living further away from a city center, to face a lower toll level per unit distance. For a linear polycentric city, we demonstrate: (i) there always exists the system optimal differentiated (in terms of city centers) toll functions; (ii) it is highly possible that the system optimal non-differentiated toll function does not exist. Hence, we further propose an optimal toll design model, prove the Lipschitz continuity of its objective and adopt a global-optimization algorithm to solve it.     

Distributed MPC for cooperative highway driving and energy-economy validation via microscopic simulations

Traffic congestion and energy issues have set a high bar for current ground transportation systems. With advances in vehicular communication technologies, collaborations of connected vehicles have becoming a fundamental block to build automated highway transportation systems of high efficiency. This paper presents a distributed optimal control scheme that takes into account macroscopic traffic management and microscopic vehicle dynamics to achieve efficiently cooperative highway driving. Critical traffic information beyond the scope of human perception is obtained from connected vehicles downstream to establish necessary traffic management mitigating congestion. With backpropagating traffic management advice, a connected vehicle having an adjustment intention exchanges control-oriented information with immediately connected neighbors to establish potential cooperation consensus, and to generate cooperative control actions. To achieve this goal, a distributed model predictive control (DMPC) scheme is developed accounting for driving safety and efficiency. By coupling the states of collaborators in the optimization index, connected vehicles achieve fundamental highway maneuvers cooperatively and optimally. The performance of the distributed control scheme and the energy-saving potential of conducting such cooperation are tested in a mixed highway traffic environment by the means of microscopic simulations.     

基于Q-learning和BP神经元网络的交叉口信号灯控制

解决单交叉口信号灯最优控制问题。提出了基于强化学习的信号灯控制系统结构,应用强化学习中Q学习,将信号灯最优控制问题转变成是否切换运行相位的决策问题,提出了采用BP神经元网络实现Q学习的信号灯控制系统。应用微观交通仿真软件PARAMICS进行仿真分析,结果表明该系统能够感知交通流变化,并能够自适应地调整信号灯切换策略,以达到最优的控制效果,该方法是可行的,与定时控制相比具有明显的优势。     

基于最优加权Steiner树的枢纽型物流中心选址问题

为了满足近年来物流运输业快速发展的需要,促进物流中转运输网络的合理化建设,研究了枢纽型物流中心的功能和选址原则,详细分析了影响枢纽型物流中心选址的各种因素,提出了基于结点带权的欧氏Steiner最优树的枢纽型物流中心选址方案.针对该方案设计了相应的智能优化算法,并进行了具体的程序实现.借助该方案不仅可以使总的运输成本最小,而且能够在无需事先确定备选点的数量和位置的情况下实现同时确定枢纽型物流中心的数量及位置的目标.最后以长三角地区枢纽型物流中心的建设问题为背景,对各种数据进行了仔细的分析比较,从中确定若干区域作为物流服务需求点集,并将各种因素的综合效用作为物流需求点的权值,对上述算法进行了有效性验证.     

乌尔禾岩沥青改性东海基质沥青掺量研究

在对乌尔禾岩沥青和东海基质沥青两种原材料性能研究的基础上,结合国内外岩沥青改性沥青的研究成果,选取5%、10%、15%、20%四种岩沥青掺配比例,进行改性沥青试验研究,通过对不同掺量下的改性沥青性能检测,对比分析试验结果,同时结合考虑经济因素,得出新疆乌尔禾岩沥青改性东海沥青的性能改善效果最明显、性能价格比最优,且低温性能不受损害的最合理掺量。