公路规划环评中公众参与框架的设计与实施评价

论文分析了环境影响评价中公众参与的现状和国内外发展的状况以及目前存在的问题,对公众参与在环境影响评价中应用的意义和作用进行了探讨,根据公路规划的特点和环境影响提出了提高公众参与有效性的原则和实施框架,建立了对公众参与过程进行评价的模糊综合评价方法和变权评价方法。研究结果对规范公路规划环评中的公众参与以及保证公众参与的有效实施具有现实意义。     

公民参与视野下西北乡村民间组织存在的问题及对策

西北乡村民间组织发展缓慢且不平衡,对政府依赖过强,自身实力弱,规范化建设不足,影响了公民参与乡村建设的水平。因此,必须建立健全相关法律法规,为西北乡村民间组织营造健康发展的环境,加强自身能力建设,同时加强政府引导监督,并逐步成立农牧民协会,提高民间组织动员公民参与的整体实力。     

港口规划环境影响评价中公众参与模式探讨

国家对环境影响评价工作中的公众参与非常重视,相继出台多项相关法规政策。目前对于建设项目环境影响评价中公众参与的形式和方法国内外已有一些理论研究和较多的实践应用,但对于规划环境影响评价中采取何种有效的公众参与模式尚需深入研究。通过对国内十多个港口总体规划环评案例进行归纳总结,阐述了港口规划环评公众参与的目的与意义,分析提出了港口规划环评公众参与的工作原则、工作方案和调查意见统计分析方法,并针对港口规划环评公众参与的重点和难点进行了分析研究,探讨港口规划环评中开展公众参与的有效方法和途径。     

Exploring Participants' Views of Participatory Coastal and Marine Resource Management Processes

It is generally accepted that stakeholders, including resource users, scientists, conservationists, government and nongovernment organizations, and the general public, can contribute positively to management processes and may even benefit from such processes. However, we continue to struggle with how to design processes that effectively involve these stakeholders. To illuminate potential improvements to traditional processes, this study examines participants’ perceptions of coastal and marine resource management processes. Through semi-structured interviews, respondents describe how they feel about various elements of participatory processes. Responses offer insight into the multiple dimensions of participatory process elements described in the literature, such as influence on decisions, exchange of information, access to the process, transparent decision making, and others. Responses also identify additional elements that have received limited attention in the public-participation literature: hosting meetings at various scales, recognizing differences within interest groups, and considering the context of a process. Results from this study will help to inform the design of participatory coastal and marine resource management processes.     

试论政治参与意识教育

公民的政治参与是政治运行过程的重要环节，它具有正向和负向的双重功能，为发挥政治参与的正向功能，防止和避免政治参与的负向功能，有必要对公民进行政治参与教育，我国正处在社会转型期，公民政治参与教育是思想政治教育的一个紧迫课题，并有诸多可以利用的有利条件，政治参与教育的核心是政治参与意识教育，因而需要认真探讨政治参与意识教育的主要任务及基本原则。     

政治生活中利益集团的成因分析

分析利益集团在政治生活中的重要功能,必须首先了解利益集团的发生和形成,才能更好地理解利益集团。本文对利益集团形成的理论流派进行了分析,在此基础上提出了利益集团形成的一般理论。文章认为,利益集团的形成具有内在的动机,但利益集团的普遍形成则是政治现代化进程的产物,特别是政治参与渠道的通畅是利益集团在政治生活中发挥重要作用的主要原因。     

公众环境行政参与的现实困境及其出路

近些年来,我国公众参与环境行政决策活动的开展取得了很大的成就,但是,在实践中也暴露出诸多的现实问题。在这些问题中,诸如公众环境行政参与能力不足、公众环境行政参与的信息匮乏以及公众环境行政参与的效力低下等问题尤其突出。因此,当务之急是需要通过组织化的公众参与来克服公众个体参与的无序性,配置公众参与过程中的信息供给制度以夯实公众参与之基础,确立公众参与的政府回应与司法救济机制以提升公众参与的有效性。     

公路网规划环境影响评价中的不确定性分析

公路网规划环境影响评价中的不确定主要来自公路网规划方案的不确定和环境信息的不确定。具有普遍性、传递性、累积性和可降低性,对决策者存在着较大的干扰,但是可以通过使用基于情景分析的预测方法、广泛开展公众参与以及通过多方协作的方式开展环境影响评价工作等方法来降低。     

The Methodologies of Empowerment? A Systematic Review of the Deployment of Participation in the Coastal Zone Management Literature

Participation (e.g., stakeholder involvement) has become a central concept in the practice of environmental and coastal zone management. Research has shown that the integration of participation in coastal zone management has positive ecological and social outcomes. In the literature, however, participation is often reported in an unstructured and uncritical manner. Therefore, to find out whether and how there is a useful way to structure and characterize the way the coastal zone management literature deals with participation, we have conducted a literature review. The review was conducted and the literature structured through three central dimensions of participation, namely: power, knowledge, and (visions of) nature. The article concludes that this structured approach to participation enables us to study more systematically the role of participation and might facilitate the governance and learning processes of coastal networks.