Modeling household activity–travel interactions as parallel constrained choices

The daily activity-travel patterns of individuals often include interactions with other household members, which we observe in the form of joint activity participation and shared rides. Explicit representation of joint activity patterns is a widespread deficiency in extant travel forecasting models and remains a relatively under-developed area of travel behavior research. In this paper, we identify several spatially defined tour patterns found in weekday household survey data that describe this form of interpersonal decision-making. Using pairs of household decision makers as our subjects, we develop a structural discrete choice model that predicts the separate, parallel choices of full-day tour patterns by both persons, subject to the higher level constraint imposed by their joint selection of one of several spatial interaction patterns, one of which may be no interaction. We apply this model to the household survey data, drawing inferences from the household and person attributes that prove to be significant predictors of pattern choices, such as commitment to work schedules, auto availability, commuting distance and the presence of children in the household. Parameterization of an importance function in the models shows that in making joint activity-travel decisions significantly greater emphasis is placed on the individual utilities of workers relative to non-workers and on the utilities of women in households with very young children. The model and methods are prototypes for tour-based travel forecasting systems that seek to represent the complex interaction between household members in an integrated model structure.     

地铁安全中的公众参与

随着国际恐怖主义的泛滥,以及各国国内复杂的治安状况,使地铁安全问题具有鲜明的"公共性".这就要求在制定任何地铁安全方案时应该充分考虑到公众参与对决策的影响.分析了世界地铁面临的主要安全问题,阐释了公众参与的意义、原则、途径、措施,以及公众参与过程中权利的保护和申诉的渠道、程序.     

Gender differences in activity participation,time-of-day and duration choices: new evidence from Calgary

To date only limited research has quantified differences between female and male activity patterns, and analyses at an individual activity level are scarce. Past research has focused on investigating gender differences in mobility levels based on observed travel patterns, especially those related to commuting. This article reports new evidence based on analyses of a household activity survey data-set collected from a Canadian city – Calgary – in 2001. Results show that contemporary females and males have a very similar activity participation pattern. On the other hand, analyses applied to activity starting times support the view that there are minor gender differences in time-of-day choices. In addition, duration and survival analyses through log-rank and Wilcoxon tests show that women and men tend to spend more or less time on some of the 10 weekend/weekday activities, and thus indicate that they share different domestic and societal responsibilities: males tend to spend longer time for out-of-home activities, such as work, school, social, and out-of-town; whereas females contribute more to domestic work, including shopping, eating, and religious activity. In general, this article contributes new evidence to gender differences in activity participation, time-of-day, and duration choices at the individual activity level. Such differences may influence travelers’ time, mode, and location choices and thus have important implications for the complexity of an activity-based modeling framework. These implications are discussed along with recommendations for incorporating gender differences in an activity-based modeling framework.     

公众参与引入公路施工期环境监理探讨

根据银古高速公路施工期开展环境监理的实践,论述了公路施工期实施环境监理的重要性,分析了公路项目环境监理引入公众参与的必要性,探讨了公路施工期公众参与环境保护的内容和方法。     

基于模态参预的激励自由度有效性研究

为研究模态试验激励自由度有效性问题,分3种工况改变激振器输入力相位,对某城际动车组进行静态台架激振器试验,得到输入力及响应加速度信号。根据模态分析理论,利用Test.Lab软件识别车体典型模态参数,并同时得到各阶模态留数矩阵。根据模态参预的定义,得到不同工况下激振力对各阶模态的模态参预。最后根据模态参预矩阵对激励自由度有效性进行判定,同时给出车体1阶垂直、弯曲及车体1阶扭转模态的最佳激励方式,并依据模态参预对模态参数估计的准确性进行简单说明。