TB880E型掘进机应用研究

由铁道部出资7．3亿元购置的2台TB880E型掘进机，先后完成了秦岭特长Ⅰ线隧道、磨沟岭隧道、桃花铺1号隧道的掘进任务，累计掘进长度22162m。这2台掘进机自2002年工程完工后，维修、保养、存放至今。TB880E型掘进机的正常使用寿命应在8000台班左右，可以完成35～40km隧道的掘进任务。此文结合秦岭特长隧道、乌鞘岭特长隧道施工方案，对掘进机与钻爆法的优缺点进行对比分析，探讨TBM剩余寿命期的利用问题，以期为今后选择合理的隧道建设方案提供参考。     

圆柱形壳体上开大直径相贯圆孔的数控切割原理

对在圆柱形壳体上开大直径孔的数控切割原理进行了分析，主要是针对大直径开孔所涉及到的重要的空间几何关系和运动关系的计算，并介绍了DKK-1型大直径开孔数控火焰切割机的设计及实际使用情况。     

Multimode trip information detection using personal trajectory data

Handheld global positioning system (GPS) devices can serve as a new tool to collect an individual's trip information with advantages of low cost, accurate data, and intensive spatial coverage. Various machine learning algorithms have been explored to detected trip train information in previous studies; however, few of them focused on the evaluation and comparison of the performance and applicability of different models. Meanwhile, according to previous studies, car and bus mode detection is a thorny issue due to their similar travel characteristics, and algorithms still need to be well explored and improved to solve this problem. In this article, an innovative method is proposed to detect trip information, including trip modes, mode-changing time and location, and other attributes, from personal trajectory data. The method is a two-step process. A machine learning algorith-based module (including artificial neural network, support vector machine, random forests, and Bayesian network) is firstly used to identify walk, bicycle, and motorized trip modes (bus or car); we thoroughly compared the performance of these four algorithms. Then a second module, using critical points on the GPS trajectories, is further developed to distinguish car and bus mode, incorporated with GIS map information. Field test results show that the proposed machine learning models can all be applied for walk, bicycle, and motorized mode detection with high detection rates exceeding 90%; however, the algorithms work relatively poorly for bus and car mode detection, with results mostly below 75%. The proposed two-step method can greatly improve bus and car mode detection accuracy by 14–30%. As a result, the average mode detection rates for all the four modes are above 90%. Compared with mode detection results by using only the machine learning algorithm, the proposed two-step method has much better performance in both accuracy and consistency.     

SPZ1300/48造桥机拼装节段箱梁初始线形设置研究

介绍了SPZ1300/48型移动支架造桥机的总体结构和施工流程,并阐述了施工过程中传力锚固阶段梁体线形变化的有限元模拟分析方法和初始反拱设置原理,旨在为类似体系分析提供参考。     

城市给水管网腐蚀机理及防护措施

针对给水管道腐蚀的危害性,从给水管网腐蚀机理出发,提出可通过提高出厂水质、加强管网水质监测、采用非金属管材、管道涂衬、阴极保护、加缓蚀剂、高压水射流清洗等措施,控制给水管网的腐蚀,以提高给水管网的水质,防止管网水质的二次污染。     

降低离心球墨铸铁管铁水消耗的方法

文中对球墨铸铁管在生产中铁水消耗高进行了分析,并提出了改进措施。利用现场分析查找出“管重控制正偏差高”和“拉管成形率低”是造成铸铁管铁水消耗高主要因素。对液压阀台进行改造,采用稳定主机行走、扩大扇形包翻包速度等措施,降低了铸铁管铁水消耗,实现了企业的降本增效。     

专家PID控制方法在舰船动力装置控制中的应用

首先介绍了传统数字PID控制方法在舰船动力装置控制中的原理和应用情况,分析了传统数字PID控制方式的不足,在此基础上提出了一种专家PID控制方法,最后介绍了该方法在舰船动力装置控制中应用实效。     

美标抗震设计中钢管桩与上部结构连接的探讨

桩基与上部结构的连接形式一直是高桩码头设计中的重要一环。尤其是在码头抗震设计中,合理的桩与上部结构连接形式不仅能确保桩基与上部结构间力的有效传递,而且还能充分发挥结构位移能力,并对上部结构形成能力保护。我国桩基规范虽然对钢管桩与上部结构连接形式做了相关要求,但却没有提及具体的计算方法及地震作用下的设计要求。探讨美标抗震设计中几种钢管桩与上部结构连接形式。     

Accidents involving pedestrians with their backs to traffic or facing traffic: an evaluation of crash characteristics and injuries

This paper examines pedestrian anatomical injuries and crash characteristics in back‐to‐traffic and facing‐traffic crashes. Pedestrian crashes involving pedestrians walking along streets (i.e. with their backs to traffic or facing traffic) have been overlooked in literature. Although this is not the most frequent type of crash, the crash consequence to pedestrians is a safety concern. Combining Taiwan A1A2 police‐reported accident data and data from the National Health Insurance Database from years 2003–2013, this paper examines anatomical injuries and crash characteristics in back‐to‐traffic and facing‐traffic crashes. There were a total of 830 and 2267 pedestrian casualties in back‐to‐traffic and facing‐traffic crashes respectively. The injuries sustained by pedestrians and crash characteristics of these two crash types were compared with those of other crossing types of crashes (nearside crash, nearside dart‐out crash, offside crash, and offside dart‐out crash). Odds of various injuries to body regions were estimated using logistic regressions. Key findings include that the percentage of fatalities in back‐to‐traffic crashes is the highest; logistic models reveal that pedestrians in back‐to‐traffic crashes sustained more head, neck, and spinal injuries than did pedestrians in other crash types, and unlit darkness and non‐built‐up roadways were associated with an increased risk of pedestrian head injuries. Several crash features (e.g. unlit darkness, overtaking manoeuvres, phone use by pedestrians and drivers, and intoxicated drivers) are more frequently evident in back‐to‐traffic crashes than in other types of crashes. The current research suggests that in terms of crash consequence, facing traffic is safer than back to traffic. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

工业园区埋地燃气钢质管道的防腐蚀设计

该文以桂林市某工业同区埋地燃气钢质管道的防腐蚀设计为例,介绍了埋地钢质管道腐蚀的成因、种类;埋地钢质管道的防腐层设计、阴极保护的设计,着重介绍了镁合金牺牲阳极的工艺计算及主要安装方式等内容。