Prediction of fatigue life and estimation of its reliability on the parts of an air suspension system

Air suspension systems have been implemented in various commercial vehicles, such as buses and special purpose trucks, because of the comfortable ride and easy height control. An evaluation of the durability of vehicle parts has been required for service life and safety starting in the early stages of design. The cyclic load applied to the vehicle can cause fatigue failure of parts, such as the suspension frame. This paper presents a method to predict the fatigue life of the suspension frame at the design stage of the air suspension system used in a heavy-duty vehicle. To estimate the fatigue life using the SN method, the Dynamic Stress Time History (DSTH) is necessary for the part of interest. DSTH can be obtained from the results of the flexible body dynamic analysis using the Belgian road simulation and the Modal Stress Recovery (MSR) method. Furthermore, the reliability of the predicted fatigue life can be evaluated by considering the variations in material properties. The probability and distribution of the expected life cycle can be obtained using experimental design with a minimum number of simulations. The advantage of using statistical methods to evaluate the life cycle is the ability to predict replacement time and the probability of failure of mass-produced parts. This paper proposes a rapid and simple method that can be effectively applied to the design of vehicle parts.     

Thermal design of automobile exhaust based thermoelectric generators: Objectives and challenges

The potential for thermoelectric power generation (via waste heat recovery onboard automobiles) to displace alternators and/or provide additional charging to a vehicle battery pack has increased with recent advances in thermoelectric material processing. In gasoline fueled vehicles (GFVs), about 40% of fuel energy is wasted in exhaust heat, while a smaller amount of energy (30%) is ejected through the engine coolant. Therefore, exhaust-based thermoelectric generators (ETEG) have been a focus for GFV applications since the late 1980s. The conversion efficiency of modern thermoelectric materials has increased more than three-fold in the last two decades; however, disputes as to the thermal design of ETEG systems has kept their overall efficiency at limited and insufficient values. There are many challenges in the thermal design of ETEG systems, such as increasing the efficiency of the heat exchangers (hot box and cold plate), maintaining a sufficient temperature difference across the thermoelectric modules during different operating conditions, and reducing thermal losses through the system as a whole. This paper focuses on a review of the main aspects of thermal design of ETEG systems through various investigations performed over the past twenty years. This paper is organized as follows: first, the construction of a typical ETEG is described. The heat balance and efficiency of ETEG are then discussed. Then, the third section of this paper emphasizes the main objectives and challenges for designing efficient ETEG systems. Finally, a review of ETEG research activities over the last twenty years is presented to focus on methods used by the research community to address such challenges.     

悬索管道桥结构参数对全桥动力特性的影响研究

大跨度悬索管道桥桥面窄,宽跨比小,结构十分轻柔,结构参数的改变对其动力特性有较大的影响。以川气东送野山河悬索跨越工程为例,采用大型有限元分析软件ANSYS10.0分析了风缆预张力和风缆面与水平面夹角变化对该悬索管道桥动力特性的影响。研究表明,提高风缆预张力和选取适当的风缆与水平面的夹角能有效地提高全桥结构刚度。     

成品油管道水击保护

长距离成品油管道在密闭输送过程中,出现非正常停泵、误关阀门及混油界面经过泵等均会引起水击现象发生。水击波沿管道传播,极易导致管道局部超压而造成管道破裂、损坏设备等,故水击保护成为成品油管道密闭输送关键性的工艺技术之一。金嘉湖成品油管道在全线水击保护控制方面采用了进出站压力调节系统、分输站分油流量调节系统、出站压力超高泄放系统、进站低压泄放保护系统、进出站压力超限停泵联锁保护系统来保证管道事故工况时的安全。     

一种光学界面检测仪在成品油管道上的应用

在成品油输送工艺中,需要对管道中输送的不同油品界面进行检测,以达到分离不同油品,减少混油量的目的。应用在成品油管道中的油品界面检测方法有密度法、荧光剂法、光学界面检测法、超声波界面检测法。介绍了一种基于光学原理的油品界面检测仪（FuelCheck）的检测原理、组成、安装及在国内兰成渝与西南成品油管道上的应用,该界面检测仪的成功应用,提高了混油界面的检测能力,有利于成品油输油管线安全、平稳、高效运行。     

基于CAD软件实现《船舶管系》课程的参数化教学

介绍了利用CAD软件良好的开放性,二次开发参数化三维零件模型,灵活地实现《船舶管系》课程中零件的类型、形态和大小等的改变,形象的表达了系统的布局和流程。节省了课堂教学的时间,而且使学生对该课程具有很强感性认识。通过参数的修改,实现实时交互的参数化教学,使学生对相关零件和系统的工作原理有了更直观和深入的理解,并大大提高了学生对该课程的学习兴趣。     

基于有机朗肯循环的车用柴油机排气余热回收系统性能分析

利用设计的有机朗肯循环系统回收某重型车用柴油机的排气能量,通过台架试验,获得了变工况下柴油机排气余热能分布特性。分析了有机工质蒸发压力、过热度以及柴油机工况变化对有机朗肯循环系统性能的影响,以系统净输出功率和热效率为优化目标,确定了适用于有机朗肯循环系统的最佳蒸发压力。研究结果表明,当有机工质蒸发压力为1.8 MPa时,有机朗肯循环系统的净输出功率最大可以达到12.69kW,热效率可以达到11.19%;将有机工质加热至过热状态并不能明显提高有机朗肯循环系统的净输出功率。     

SS_4改型机车管路防寒措施探讨

针对SS4改型机车在哈尔滨地区冬季的实际运行情况,详细阐述了SS4改型机车管路系统的防寒措施,重点说明了电加热防寒的方法以及防寒效果,对电力机车在寒带地区的防寒改造有一定的借鉴和参考价值。     

导向法铺管技术在城市污水管铺设中的应用

在道路拓宽改造及其它客观条件不允许大开挖埋设污水管工程中，通过使用导向法铺管技术，利用其先进的导航系统，能够经济、快速、准确地完成铺设管道任务。该方法利用地面上导航仪，引导地面下装有无线电发射器的钻机钻头沿着根据施工图要求的污水管平面位置、高程等参数计算出来的钻孔轨迹，向前钻导向孔，至下一个工作坑；在导向孔出口处，将钻孔钻头换成挤压式出土扩孔钻头，向回拉扩大钻孔孔径，依次多级扩孔，至可容纳预定管道外径后，将管道头部吊人工作坑内导向孔口，使用钻机将管线牵引回工作坑导向孔进口，完成铺设管道施工。     

Analysis of single pipeline pull-in procedure using small scale models

The structural elastic behaviour of steel pipelines during on-bottom pull-in procedure is investigated experimentally by using small scale models. Despite the lack of a sea-bed soil pipeline interaction effect in the model, it is possible to show that the unevenness of the sea-bed surface and the non-uniform distribution of friction forces can lead to large deflection bending stresses, higher than the numerical results yielded by standard software packages commonly used for design calculations. Due to foreseen difficulties in overcoming the drawbacks in practical and numerical procedures, the off-bottom pull-in operation arises as an attractive alternative even for shallow waters.