丙烯酸树脂基 UV 固化复合材料的制备与表征

以丙烯酸树脂（ AR）为树脂基体,聚氨酯丙烯酸树脂（ CN9013）为预聚体,1,6-己二醇二丙烯酸酯（ HDDA）为稀释剂,纳米SiO2为填料,通过UV固化制备出不同配比的复合体系,研究复合材料微观相结构与各组分之间的关系。采用光学显微镜、SEM、超景深显微镜对固化后的体系进行表征,结果表明：丙烯酸树脂与预聚体及稀释剂单体能够形成均相,随着丙烯酸树脂含量增加,体系可形成分散相、双连续相和反转相;加入1％SiO2时,分散相粒径及其相区间距减小,双连续相两相区的结构有所增大,而反转相相区结构无明显变化。     

α－幂过程下阈值为几何过程的冲击模型

研究了泊松冲击下的单部件可修系统。系统失效由外部冲击和内部原因引起,且冲击到达服从泊松过程。当某次冲击的冲击量太大,超过了系统的阈值时,系统就会失效。假设相继周期间部件的阈值形成一个递减的几何过程,而修理过程为α－幂过程,利用更新报酬定理求出系统长期运行下单位时间的平均成本率函数的数学表达式,从分析方法和数值方法上证明最优更换策略的存在和唯一性。最后,通过数值例子验证了模型的相关理论结果。     

城市交通控制的演变--政策与技术变更

在过去的一个世纪里,城市交通控制始终在演变,以适应日益复杂的政策目标和不断增长的交通需求。一个高效的交通控制系统可以带来很多收益,例如缓解拥堵、提高经济效益以及改善道路安全和空气质量。车辆检测和通信技术方面取得的显著进步为交通控制系统的调控能力带来了一系列阶段性变化：从早期（固定配时）信号控制发展到现代化的集成系统。多种类型的交通控制系统在全球不同地区建设完成,每种系统都有各自的优势和不足。首先通过对比分析目前占据领先地位的商用系统（以及一些较少为人所知的系统）,凸显交通控制系统的关键特征和差异,然后评估目前的交通控制系统是否能实现现代交通政策的职能和需求。最后,探讨了当前及未来的交通政策,以及未来10年交通控制发展的技术性蓝图,指出交通控制有望通过技术进步从有限数据时代迈入大数据时代。     

杭州市公交优先发展制度设计和改革措施研究

为了促使城市公共交通优先发展落到实处,迫切需要政府通过制度设计将出台的一系列指导性原则转变为具有可操作性的工作制度。首先阐述城市公共交通的技术经济特征和行业体制模式。然后,从政策、法规、体制、运行几个方面总结杭州市公共交通的发展状况,指出存在的问题。在此基础上,提出杭州市公共交通优先发展目标、体制模式和工作机制。最后从体制改革、公共交通多元化发展、经济补偿、限制小汽车四方面详细阐述公共交通优先发展的改革措施。     

A Pareto‐improving hybrid policy for transportation networks

This paper investigates an innovative Pareto‐improving hybrid policy that combines two policy instruments, that is, congestion pricing and road space rationing, and takes advantage of the synergistic effects between these instruments. Mathematical formulations for developing Pareto‐improving pure road space rationing schemes and hybrid policies are presented. Numerical examples demonstrate that the proposed hybrid policy offers greater flexibility and is more prominent in leading to Pareto improvement than both pure congestion pricing and road space rationing schemes. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Accident cost saving and highway attributes

Two semi-logarithmic regression models are developed to estimate accident rates and accident costs, respectively, for rural non-interstate highways in the state of Iowa. Data on 21,224 accidents occurring between 1989 and 1991 on 17,767 road segments are used in the analysis. Seven road attributes of these road segments are included as predictor variables. Applying the resulting regression models to a rather typical highway upgrade situation, the present value of the accident cost saving is computed. The sensitivity of the estimated cost saving to values for fatal, personal injury, and property damage only accidents is tested.Because factors other than road characteristics greatly influence accident costs, the models developed in this research explain a limited amount of the variance in these costs among road segments. Results of the analysis indicate that the most important attribute associated with accident costs is average daily traffic per lane, followed by conditions requiring passing restrictions and the sharpness of curves. Varying the values for the three categories of accidents shows that results are far more sensitive to the value of personal injuries than fatalities. The feasibility of using predictive models of accident costs in benefit-cost analyses of highway investments is demonstrated.     

Examining the linkages between electronic roadway tolling technologies and road pricing policy objectives

The surge of road pricing projects in the U.S. and around the globe over the past 15 years has been enabled by a variety of new communication and transportation technologies. While all of these technologies increase the efficiency of roadway tolling vis-à-vis manual collection, no “best” configuration has emerged. Rather, optimal configurations depend on the objectives of the tolling effort, such as facility type, geographic scope, desire to price externalities, integration with other operations, and so on. While such policy objectives for road pricing have been examined extensively, little has been written on the explicit links between tolling technology configurations and policy objectives. This paper addresses this gap in the literature through an examination of eight road pricing programs. For each program we evaluate the conduct of the three technical tasks via the nine technology sets in light of six principal policy objectives of road pricing.     

长江中游藕池口水道河床演变及航道条件分析

藕池口水道位于长江中游下荆江首端,河床演变十分复杂,揭示其演变机理并针对性地提出相应的治理措施十分必要。藕池口水道在下荆江具有一定的代表性。从实测资料出发,分析藕池口水道的河床演变特点,揭示其滩、槽演变规律,并通过重点分析航道条件,提出治理措施,可为后续深入研究荆江河段河床演变、碍航特性及航道治理提供参考。     

桥孔布设原则及桥孔长度计算方法研究

介绍了不同时期、不同规范中桥孔布设原则和桥孔长度计算公式的历史沿革,并对不同类型河段桥孔布设原则进行完善,对桥孔长度计算公式进行论证。结果表明:现行《公路工程水文勘测设计规范》有关桥孔的设计方法具有一定的可操作性;明确了桥孔最小净长度的概念以及桥孔长度的影响因素与计算方法;建议增加有关桥梁与环境、桥位选择、桥长控制、山区纵向桥对水流影响、高架桥设置条件等研究内容。