山区高速公路涵洞设计方法的探讨

对山区高速公路涵洞设计工作中发现的问题进行了总结,分析了当前涵洞设计方法和理论的不足之处,提出了几点思考和探讨,为完善涵洞设计方法提出了几点建议性补充。     

不同冷却方式对大尺寸钢板感应加热成形的影响

为有效解决船用中厚钢板复杂曲面加工问题,研究空气冷却(空冷)、正面水冷和反面水冷方式对大尺寸钢板弯曲成形的影响因素。首先采用COMSOL Multiphysics仿真平台模拟电磁感应加热和冷却变形多物理场同步耦合过程,然后分析各种因素对大尺寸钢板弯曲成形的影响,最后通过试验验证有限元模型的可靠性,并对感应加热弯曲成形效果进行评估。结果表明:相对于水冷,空气冷却对钢板Y向位移改变效果显著;相对于空气冷却,水冷对钢板角位移的改变影响明显;当频率为50 k Hz时,电流频率对表面温度和角位移影响显著;当钢板长宽比不小于1∶2时,Y向位移的增加比较显著;当长宽比约为1∶1时,角位移的改变比较明显。     

饱和地基下桩柱结构地震响应

通过建立两相饱和地基下桩-土耦合系统的动力分析有限元数值模型,对饱和自由场地基以及桩柱结构在地震作用下的动力响应进行数值模拟研究。结果表明:在地震作用下超孔隙水压沿深度方向呈现出指数衰减趋势,在地表处更易导致地基液化从而散失承载能力。随着超孔隙水压的上升土体强度降低后,饱和地基土层对地震波的高频成分有明显的选择性滤波作用。在桩柱结构地震响应分析中,受桩土间动力耦合作用的影响,桩侧土体比远场地基土更易液化。随着地基承载力的降低,导致桩柱动力以及弯矩响应上升。研究结果与已有桩基础震害经验相符,其方法和结论可对饱和可液化地基抗震工程提供参考。     

Mechanism of Tunnel Water Inflow Caused by Bending Failure of a Waterproof Dike Based on a Circular Thin Plate Mechanical Model北大核心CSCD

Water bursts during tunnel construction endanger construction, and it is therefore necessary to reserve a waterproof dike with the required thickness to avoid water bursts and to take reinforcement of the dike and treatment of the structure liable to trigger a water burst. Using the water burst at K5+398 of the Mingyueshan tunnel of the Shanghai-Chengdu expressway as an example, and considering the type of tunnel section and the upright mudstone of the dike, the waterproof dike at the work face is simplified as a round thin plate. A formula for the calculation of a minimum safety thickness for the critical waterproof dike is deduced by analyzing the force applied on the water-proof dike, and the minimum safety thickness for the water burst section at K5+398 of the Mingyueshan tunnel is cal-culated. The numerical simulation analysis demonstrates the critical thickness of waterproof dike at K5+398 of the Mingyueshan tunnel is 1.4-1.55 m, and the calculated water inflow and water burst basically agree with the actual condition. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

Model Test on Grouting Law in Dynamic Water-Rich Sand Layers by the Electric Resistance Method北大核心CSCD

In order to study the diffusion law of grouting slurry in the water-rich sand layer under flowing water conditions, a grouting test model consisting of a main test system, a grouting system, and a measurement system was developed. And for detecting the diffusion scope of the grouts, a new resistivity method was proposed. It is found that the relationship between grouting pressure and grouting rate during the test is strong. Under hydrodynamic conditions, the grouting slurry diffuses elliptically. Due to gravity and the effect of the upper water flow, the center of gravity of the ellipsoid is below the grouting outlet, and the grouting effectively improves the physical and mechanical properties of water-rich sand bodies. At the same time, the resistivity method has a good application effect on the detection of grouting diffusion range. The range of slurry diffusion obtained by the resistivity method is basically consistent with the boundary of the stone body after excavation, indicating that the resistivity method is reliable for detection of grouting range in dynamic water-rich sand layer. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

在用工业管道焊接缺陷的识别和自身高度的测量

在用工业管道定期检验划分安全状况等级时,须确定焊接缺陷性质和自身高度,当采用射线检测和超声检测时,缺陷具有不同的特征和自身高度的测量方法。通过分析射线检测和超声波检测,夹渣、未焊透、未熔合缺陷的识别方法和自身高度的测量,总结出根据缺陷的产生部位、缺陷的性质、缺陷的方向选择无损检测方法,综合运用射线检测技术和超声检测技术。     

海底柔性管道技术研究

随着海洋油气勘探开发的发展,柔性管道得到越来越广泛的应用。文中介绍了柔性管道的分类及结构,重点描述了粘结和无粘结柔性管道,无粘结柔性管道是目前国外发展趋势和研究重点。阐述了柔性管道的技术优势以及适用范围,同时介绍了柔性管道的发展状况、设计准则以及国外的主要制造厂商。国内柔性管道技术与世界先进水平之间还存在较大的差距,采用无粘结技术以及适用超深水环境将是国内未来深水海底柔性管道技术发展的方向。     

轴对称解对隧道衬砌水压力计算的适用性研究

文章根据渗流理论推导了隧道衬砌水压力的轴对称解,并利用数值分析方法研究了轴对称解对不同形状隧道断面与浅埋隧道的适用性.研究结果表明:轴对称解适用于非圆形隧道断面衬砌水压力的估算;隧道断面形状对衬砌水压力折减系数的影响较小,可以忽略不计,其影响大小主要由衬砌与围岩的渗透系数比值决定.对于浅埋低水头隧道,用轴对称解计算的毛洞流量Qm与数值解比较,其误差较大,最大误差为36.5％;但用来计算衬砌水压力p1以及衬砌后水流量Q1时,误差相对较小,最大误差为6.3％,特别是利用轴对称解得出的衬砌水压力值与利用数值解得出的衬砌水压力特征值最大误差仅为3.4％.     

基于Bayes判别分析方法的叙岭关隧道溶洞水源识别

基于Bayes判别方法,选取水化学常量组分作为判别指标,利用叙岭关隧道地区9个动态监测点的53个水样样本建立了该地区的水源判别模型.模型检验结果表明,其回判准确率为96.23％,具有较高的识别精度和工程推广能力.利用建立的判别模型,对叙岭关隧道1号溶洞内两个出水点RQ1和RQ2的水源进行了识别,并结合其流量动态变化特征、同位素分析结果,以及1号溶洞发育位置,推断1号溶洞内两个出水点的水源为P1m+q含水层中的岩溶地下水.根据判别结果,建议1号溶洞采取“以排为主”的原则加以处治,并尽量保留溶洞水的过水通道.     

偏压连拱隧道施工方法研究

文章采川三维有限元数值模拟研究了偏压连拱隧道不同施工顺序下拱顶下沉、中墙稳定性及初期支护受力特征.研究结果表明,先开挖浅埋侧时,拱顶沉降较小,中墙在施工中的稳定安全系数较大、弯矩较小,初期支护受力较大;对于浅埋偏压连拱隧道,围岩变形及中墙在施工中的稳定性控制更为重要.所以,从有利于围岩变形、中墙稳定性控制以及中墙受力的角度出发,宜采用先开挖浅埋侧的施工方法.