轮胎压路机压实沥青混合料原理分析

沥青混合料的压实是影响沥青路面性能的重要因素之一。根据轮胎压路机的压实过程,结合有效应力和固结原理并结合力学原理,分析轮胎压路机的压实机理及揉搓作用,提出轮胎压路机在对沥青混合料压实中的使用注意事项。     

Nonlinear Statistical Process Monitoring Based on Control Charts with Memory Effect and Kernel Independent Component Analysis

A novel nonlinear combination process monitoring method was proposed based on techniques with memory effect (multivariate exponentially weighted moving average (MEWMA)) and kernel independent component analysis (KICA). The method was developed for dealing with nonlinear issues and detecting small or moderate drifts in one or more process variables with autocorrelation. MEWMA charts use additional information from the past history of the process for keeping the memory effect of the process behavior trend. KICA is a recently developed statistical technique for revealing hidden, nonlinear statistically independent factors that underlie sets of measurements and it is a two-phase algorithm: whitened kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) plus independent component analysis (ICA). The application to the fluid catalytic cracking unit (FCCU) simulated process indicates that the proposed combined method based on MEWMA and KICA can effectively capture the nonlinear relationship and detect small drifts in process variables. Its performance significantly outperforms monitoring method based on ICA, MEWMA-ICA and KICA, especially for long-term performance deterioration.     

三体船耐波性的模型试验研究

  目的  小水线面三体船与普通三体船相比具有较大的潜体并极大地减少了水线面面积,因此普通三体船的耐波性规律不完全适用于小水线面三体船,小水线面三体船的耐波性还有待研究。  方法  因模型试验具有周期长、成本高、环境要求苛刻的特点,难以对所有方案进行试验与分析,故采用STAR-CCM+平台模拟船体周围的黏性流场。首先,考虑到网格设置、流场模型选择的影响,验证采用STAR-CCM+平台进行耐波性计算的可行性与可靠性;然后,研究系列弗劳德数Fr下不同侧体位置时小水线面三体船耐波性的变化规律。  结果  结果显示,Fr=0.234（低速）时,小水线面三体船的耐波性优于普通三体船,Fr=0.494~0.797（中、高速）时情况较复杂;小水线面三体船侧体靠近船艏时耐波性更优。  结论  研究结果可为小水线面三体船的设计提供一定的借鉴。     

波浪增阻计算方法在船体型线优化设计中的应用

  目的  为了获得兼顾静水和波浪阻力性能的优良船型,以某散货船为研究对象,开展船型综合优化设计。  方法  基于成熟的商用软件STAR-CCM+进行目标船静水阻力性能评估。采用ISO 15016推荐的简化方法和经验方法,以及自主编程开发的二维切片理论方法进行波浪增阻计算。对比分析不同波浪增阻方法计算结果与模型试验结果的差异。  结果  结果表明：二维切片理论方法计算精度较高,且能反映船型对波浪增阻的影响;目标船改型的静水阻力性能与原型相当,改型的波浪增阻和原型相比降低了20%以上,波浪中阻力性能得到显著提升。  结论  通过探讨不同波浪增阻计算方法的工程适用性,为船型综合优化设计提供了有效工具。     

流体中弹性板声辐射阻尼研究

针对空气和水两种介质,分别研究弹性薄板的几何参数及激励位置对声辐射阻尼的影响。采用的结构振动与声场耦合的数值求解方法——有限元/流体边界元（FEM/BEM）法进行推演以及讨论结构与流体数值模拟单元。从能量的角度定义弹性板声辐射阻尼,取得声辐射阻尼的数值计算公式。利用文中的数值模拟方法对弹性例板声辐射阻尼进行计算。通过对弹性板声辐射阻尼数值模拟结果的分析认为,水中弹性板振动的声辐射阻尼远大于空气中的声辐射阻尼;相同外加激励载荷作用下,弹性薄板的板厚对相应声辐射阻尼几乎没有影响;随着板边长尺寸的增加,板的声辐射阻尼也有增大的趋势;板声辐射阻尼不随激励位置的改变而改蛮。     

船用换热器三维流场数值模拟

采用Pro/E软件对闭式机舱淡水海水换热器的三维建模,利用FLUENT软件对该换热器壳程流体的流动与传热进行了数值模拟计算,分别以壳程总压降、总传热率、速度这三个方面作为综合衡量标准,分析具有不同折流板弦高、折流板数目的几种淡水海水换热器模型的速度场、温度场和压力场。结果表明：随着折流板数目的增加,壳程流体的压降逐渐升高,出口温度逐渐减小;随着缺口高度的增加,壳程流体的压降明显下降,出口温度也明显增加。     

Simulations of pollutant dispersion at toll plazas using three-dimensional CFD models

Toll plazas are particularly susceptible to build-ups of vehicle-emitted pollutants because vehicles pass through in low gear. To look at this, three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics simulations of pollutant dispersion are used on the standard k − ε turbulence model. The effects of wind speed, wind direction and topography on pollutant dispersion were discussed. The Wuzhuang toll plaza on the Hefei-Nanjing expressway is considered, and the effects of the retaining walls along both sides of the plaza on pollutant dispersion is analysed. There are greater pollutant concentrations near the tollbooths as the angle between the direction of the wind and traffic increases implying that retaining walls impede dispersion. The slope of the walls has little influence on the variations in pollutant concentration.     

大牛地气田输气管道内积液分析

为了明确大牛地气田输气管线内是否存在积液,从管道高程、末端分离器排液和管线压降变化三方面进行论证分析。分析表明:液体易于在西1线和中1线内积存,不易在东1线内积存,但末端分离器在清管后没有排过液,且TGNET模拟的理论压降和实际压降差别不大,即西1线、中1线和东1线目前不存在积液;塔榆管线高程整体呈下坡走势,塔榆末站分离器2014年1月—8月没有排过液,且TGNET模拟的理论压降和实际压降差别不大,即塔榆管线存在积液的可能性很小;大杭管线高程平缓,且末端分离器2014年1月—8月没有排过液,不同输气量下TGNET模拟的理论压降与实际压降差别不大,即大杭管线存在积液的可能性很小。     

电流变液体减振器的研究

本文用电流变仪对BW型电流变液体进行测试,并将其用于筒式车用减振器。通过台架试验研究了激振频率、振幅对电流变液体减振器性能的影响,并就电流变液体减振器要求的流体性能进行探讨。研究结果表明,低频大振幅下,随着电场强度变化电流变液体减振器阻尼力变化显著;应用具有电粘特性的流体作为该电流变液体减振器的工作液更有价值。     

Semi-active H∞ control of high-speed railway vehicle suspension with magnetorheological dampers

In this paper, semi-active H∞ control with magnetorheological (MR) dampers for railway vehicle suspension systems to improve the lateral ride quality is investigated. The proposed semi-active controller is composed of a H∞ controller as the system controller and an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) inverse MR damper model as the damper controller. First, a 17-degree-of-freedom model for a full-scale railway vehicle is developed and the random track irregularities are modelled. Then a modified Bouc–Wen model is built to characterise the forward dynamic characteristics of the MR damper and an inverse MR damper model is built with the ANFIS technique. Furthermore, a H∞ controller composed of a yaw motion controller and a rolling pendulum motion (lateral motion+roll motion) controller is established. By integrating the H∞ controller with the ANFIS inverse model, a semi-active H∞ controller for the railway vehicle is finally proposed. Simulation results indicate that the proposed semi-active suspension system possesses better attenuation ability for the vibrations of the car body than the passive suspension system.