水基清洗液在汽车维修中的应用

论述了水基清洗液的构成及其在汽车维修中的作用．介绍了使用方法。     

Research on low-frequency mechanical characteristics of the MR dampers in ship isolators

A new isolator composed of a steel rope spring and a magneto-rheological （MR） damper was designed and a study on low-frequency mechanical characteristics of MR dampers in isolators was carried out. It used the characteristics of the MR damper, such as fast response, controllable damping, small energy consumption, wide dynamic scope, and great adaptation. The relationships between MR damping forces and influencing factors were analyzed based on experimental data. The results show that damping force is not only related to structural dimensions, but also closely related to controllable current and vibration frequency. Finally, the empirical formula for damping forces was corrected, and the relationship between correction coefficients and factors analyzed.     

圆柱形桥墩周围局部冲刷的三维数值模拟

为预测圆柱形桥墩周围的局部冲刷坑形态和发展,基于计算流体动力学和泥沙运动理论开展了桥墩周围局部冲刷的三维数值模拟。首先使用雷诺时均Navier-Stokes方程和标准K-ε湍流模型对圆柱形桥墩周围三维复杂流场进行数值模拟,将床面瞬时切应力作为泥沙起动及运输的水动力学条件,计算出床底泥沙的单宽体积输沙率,以此为基础得到河床高程坐标的瞬时变化;再采用边界自适应网格技术修改动边界计算域网格,计算得到圆柱形桥墩周围局部冲刷坑的演化过程。结果表明:桥墩周围局部冲刷三维数值模拟结果与试验结果基本一致,数值模拟方法能用来预测圆柱形桥墩周围的局部冲刷情况。     

船舶多联式制冷系统的动态建模与仿真

为实现船舶多联式制冷系统的动态仿真,以某集装箱船的制冷系统为研究对象,建立仿真模型。其中,压缩机和电子膨胀阀采用静态模型,冷凝器和蒸发器采用动态模型,同时基于流体网络法建立管网模型。通过Matlab软件进行仿真运算,并将仿真结果与实际参数进行对比分析。结果表明：模型的仿真数据与实际参数基本相符。因此,船舶多联式制冷系统的动态建模方法合理、可行。     

Semi-active engine mount design using auxiliary magneto-rheological fluid compliance chamber

Engine mounts are used in the automotive industry to isolate engine and chassis by reducing the noise and vibration imposed from one to the other. This paper describes modelling, simulation and design of a semi-active engine mount that is designed specifically to address the complicated vibration pattern of variable displacement engines (VDE). The ideal isolation for VDE requires the stiffness to be switchable upon cylinder activation/deactivation operating modes. In order to have a modular design, the same hydraulic engine mount components are maintained and a novel auxiliary magneto-rheological (MR) fluid chamber is developed and retrofitted inside the pumping chamber. The new compliance chamber is a controllable pressure regulator, which can effectively alter the dynamic performance of the mount. Switching between different modes happens by turning the electrical current to the MR chamber magnetic coil on and off. A model has been developed for the passive hydraulic mount and then it is extended to include the MR auxiliary chamber as well. A proof-of-concept prototype of the design has been fabricated which validates the mathematical model. The results demonstrate unique capability of the developed semi-active mount to be used for VDE application.     

Tractor–semitrailer model for vehicles carrying liquids

This article presents a model for solving solid–fluid interactions in vehicles carrying liquids. A tractor–semitrailer model is developed by incorporating suspension systems and tire dynamics. Owing to the solid–fluid interaction, equations of motion for the vehicle system are coupled. To simplify the complicated solution procedure, the coupled equations are solved separately using two different codes. Each code is analyzed separately; but as the parameters of the two codes depend on each other, the codes must be connected at the end of each time step. To determine the dynamic behavior of the system, different braking moments are applied. As the braking moments increase, braking time decreases. However, it turns out that increasing the braking moment to more than a certain level produces no significant results. It is also shown that vehicles carrying fluids need a greater amount of braking moments in comparison to vehicles carrying solids during braking. In addition, as the level of the fluid inside the tanker increases, from one-third to two-third of the tanker’s volume, the sloshing forces applied to the tanker’s walls increase. It was also concluded that the strategy used in this article to solve for the solid–fluid interaction by incorporating vehicle dynamic effects represents an effective method for determining the dynamic behavior of vehicles carrying fluids in other critical maneuvers.     

基于流固耦合有限元法的汽车发动机液力悬置动力学分析

介绍了车载发动机液力悬置流固耦合的有限元分析法,模拟了液力悬置的动态响应。通过瞬态时域响应的模拟结果,计算了液力悬置的动态性能。在计算过程中使用ALE方法进行坐标变换,有效解决了流体力学和结构动力学在坐标系上的不一致问题。计算过程无须估算或测试液力悬置的流体阻尼,无须测量橡胶主簧的体积刚度,可以得到液力悬置在时域内的动态响应,仿真结果与试验测试结果吻合较好。     

某乘用车空调系统配气比及气动噪声分析优化

空调系统设计与布置合理与否直接影响乘员舱内舒适性。空调系统设计要求配气比必须满足标准要求,而且风道的气动噪声必须控制在合理的范围内。本文通过对某乘用车空调系统原方案进行配气比及气动噪声分析,对空调系统风管内流场分布以及气动噪声源产生与传播进行了详细分析,从而提出两种优化方案。通过配气比及噪声试验,3#优化方案满足配气比标准要求,并且驾驶员右耳处噪声较原方案降低3.7dB,效果显著。     

全垫升气垫船控制研究综述

介绍了气垫船的性能、特点及国内外的发展概况;对比分析了2种类型气垫船(全垫升式气垫船、侧壁式气垫船)的主要性能及其主要应用范围;介绍了全垫升气垫船、侧壁式气垫船综合控制研究现状;简要介绍了全垫升气垫船水平运动控制、升沉运动控制方法;展望了全垫升气垫船的应用前景及所带来的社会效益;分析了市场对气垫船的需求及其推广的可行性.     

液舱内三维液体非线性晃荡的数值模拟

晃荡是一种非常复杂的非线性液体流动现象,载液船舶的晃荡问题颇受关注,因为在外界的激励下液舱内会产生剧烈的晃荡现象,巨大的晃荡冲击力会造成结构的破坏.文中建立了三维晃荡数学模型及数值计算模型,借助处理自由表面的VOF(volume of fluid)方法对液舱内液体晃荡的自由表面进行追踪,编制程序实现了液舱内三维液体非线性晃荡的数值模拟,并就三维刚性液舱内粘性液体的自由晃荡和强迫晃荡做了分析,讨论了液体不同粘性系数对晃荡的影响.模拟结果证明了三维晃荡理论的可行性.