关于上海市中运量规划建设的若干思考

随着上海市轨道交通网络和日均客流趋于稳定,常规地面公交客流逐年下降,影响公共交通客运总量稳定和增长。研究上海市公共交通现状需求和城市发展规划要求,明确中运量系统对于完善公共交通系统层级,提升公交吸引力和服务品质具有重要意义。根据城市发展水平和公共交通需求不同,针对上海市主城区和外围城镇圈,提出了中运量系统的功能定位、规划原则和推荐制式。     

论建立长效的农业公共灾害社会保险法律制度--由"禽流感"公共危机引起的思考

现代社会类似于禽流感的公共灾害往往不期而至,给国家和人民带来重大损失。但是国家给予灾害受损户的公共补偿则因为国家财政的限制而很有限,使得这种补偿不完全;商业性质的财产保险又因为这种灾害具有很大的不确定性而惰于保险。基于此,本提出我国应当建立一种融国家公共补偿责任和商业财产保险机制于一体的农业公共灾害社会保险制度。     

论司法公信力

司法拘束力和司法公信力是司法权威获得普遍服从的两大资源,而司法公信力则是司法权威的核心要素.司法公信力是司法赢得社会公众信任和信赖的能力,这种能力直接取决于司法在拘束力、判断力、自制力和排除力方面是否能够经得起公众的信任和信赖.司法公信力的确立与司法队伍个人素质状况和司法制度安排有直接联系,但后者更为根本.     

On the development of public transit in large cities

This article presents a summary of the analyses and set of recommendations given by a committee of transit specialists gathered by the Minister of Transport of Chile aiming at improving Transantiago, the new transit system recently inaugurated for Santiago. This summary focuses on those recommendations directed towards improving the efficiency, service quality and sustainability of mass public transportation systems in major cities in the developing world and that could be implemented in a short term (within two years). Three broad dimensions of public transit are considered: competition and regulation; investment, financing, fares and subsidies; and the operation and use of infrastructure, design, inspection and control. Although the study grew out of the needs and characteristics of a city such as Santiago (Chile), and of the virtues and deficiencies of Transantiago, much of the analyses and recommendations could be adopted and implemented in the major cities of developed countries in Europe, North America and Asia.     

Comparing operator and users costs of light rail, heavy rail and bus rapid transit over a radial public transport network

A model to compare three alternative forms of public transport - light rail, heavy rail and bus rapid transit - is developed for an urban network with radial lines emanating from the borders to the city centre. The theoretical framework assumes an operation aimed at minimising the total cost associated with public transport service provision, which encompasses both operator and users costs. The decision variables are the number of lines (network density) and the frequency per period for each mode. This approach has no prejudices a priori in respect of whether a specified delivery scenario is aligned with existing modal reputation. Rather, we establish the conditions under which a specific transit mode should be preferred to another in terms of the operator (supply) and user (demand) side offerings. The model is applied using data from Australian cities, suggesting that in most of the scenarios analysed a high standard bus service is the most cost-effective mode, because it provides lower operator costs (infrastructure, rolling stock and operating cost), access time costs (due to a larger number of lines) and waiting time cost (due to larger frequencies of operation). A rail mode, such as light rail or heavy rail, may have a lower total cost only if it is able to run faster than bus rapid transit, and the difference in speed is enough to outweigh the bus advantage on operator cost and access and waiting times.     

基于层次-主成分分析法的常规公共交通系统综合评价

建立各种常规公共交通方式的综合评价模型,对优化城市交通结构,缓解城市交通拥挤具有重要的意义.本文考虑了各种公共交通方式的优缺点,从社会、经济、技术和生态四个方面建立了公共交通方式综合评价指标体系.构造了一种基于层次-主成分分析法的综合评价模型,并利用实例,对四种常规公共交通方式进行了综合评价.结论表明,基于层次-主成分分析法的综合评价模型,能有效地对复杂的常规公共交通系统进行科学的评价,结论同时也说明了BRT系统的优越性,为BRT的建设实施提供了科学而又准确的依据.     

城市公共交通用地综合开发若干问题的思考 ——以北京市为例

为推进城市用地与交通的融合发展,提高城市公共交通用地综合开发效率,促进城市公共交通用地综合开发更好地适应城市交通发展需求,采用文献检索法、专家咨询法及实地调研法等开展研究。首先,对北京市客运交通枢纽综合开发、车辆段上盖物业、轨道交通站点综合开发及公交场站用地综合开发四大类城市公共交通用地综合开发项目发展现状进行了剖析。然后,结合规划、建设及投融资等方面存在的主要问题,分析了城市公共交通用地综合开发项目推进困难的症结所在。最后,提出了相关政策建议：推出城市公共交通用地综合开发统一指导意见;优化土地出让政策,最大化利用公共交通用地;创新投融资机制,减轻政府及企业投资压力;搭建市级平台,统筹协调相关工作。     

厦漳城际轨道交通景观环境设计

厦漳城际轨道交通连接漳州、厦门两座核心城市及龙海、港尾、角美等多个区域发展的组团城市。通过对城际轨道交通景观环境特点及要素进行归纳分析,找到景观设计总体思路,总结出"景观定位+结构梳理+详细设计"的系统性景观设计方法,并以厦漳城际轨道交通景观环境设计进行佐证。     

地铁车辆基地高大厂房纵向诱导通风系统的应用

针对车辆基地高大厂房内传统横向通风系统(风机+风管)存在的相关问题,提出一种纵向诱导通风系统。结合某实际工程,将纵向诱导通风系统与传统横向通风系统进行技术经济对比,分析得知,纵向诱导通风系统增加的初期投资在4.92年后即可由节省的电费收回。通过现场测试得出,纵向诱导通风系统开启后工作区域平均风速为1.1 m/s,运营人员的体感最高温度为30.3℃,同时噪声能够满足规范要求,库内中部区域CO2浓度得到有效降低,其耗电功率大大降低;与传统横向通风系统的测试结果对比可知该系统显著地改善了运营人员的工作环境。     

2020年世界轨道交通行业标准统计与分析

我国已成为世界轨道交通行业最大新兴单一市场,标准对轨道交通行业的发展具有战略和支撑引领作用,统计分析世界轨道交通领域22个主要标准制定机构在2020年内发布及累计在编的558项标准的详细情况,按照基础共性、工程建设、运营服务与开发、装备与技术、货运5个领域分别进行统计与分析,统计表明装备与技术标准数量最多.结合国际国外...