Continuous formulations and analytical properties of the link transmission model

The link transmission model (LTM) has great potential for simulating traffic flow in large-scale networks since it is much more efficient and accurate than the Cell Transmission Model (CTM). However, there lack general continuous formulations of LTM, and there has been no systematic study on its analytical properties such as stationary states and stability of network traffic flow. In this study we attempt to fill the gaps. First we apply the Hopf–Lax formula to derive Newell’s simplified kinematic wave model with given boundary cumulative flows and the triangular fundamental diagram. We then apply the Hopf–Lax formula to define link demand and supply functions, as well as link queue and vacancy functions, and present two continuous formulations of LTM, by incorporating boundary demands and supplies as well as invariant macroscopic junction models. With continuous LTM, we define and solve the stationary states in a road network. We also apply LTM to directly derive a Poincaré map to analyze the stability of stationary states in a diverge-merge network. Finally we present an example to show that LTM is not well-defined with non-invariant junction models. We can see that Newell’s model and continuous LTM complement each other and provide an alternative formulation of the network kinematic wave theory. This study paves the way for further extensions, analyses, and applications of LTM in the future.     

基于复式收费系统双收费亭联动控制的研究

在以往高速公路收费站采用增加车辆分配器或者人工复式解决联动控制外设的研究应用基础上,针对国内目前一些高速公路采用的单车复式收费,提出单车道上复式收费中多个收费亭的联动处理解决方案,目的在于改善与解决同一车道上多个收费亭之间不能联动控制外设,导致收费站人员投入多、收费速度慢、逃费现象等问题。从软件角度,根据计算机数据结构中队列的概念,在复式车道中增加收费亭间通信功能,使同一收费车道上的多个收费亭能共享车道内通过车辆的信息,减少由于人工操作带来的不利影响。同时在不增加外设的情况下,对收费车道软件系统做相应的改造,解决了复式收费中联动控制外设的问题。     

多线路公交停靠站的设置研究

随着大城市交通拥堵问题的日益严重,优先发展公交已经成为一种共识.作为乘客和公交运输服务的基本纽带的多线路公交停靠站在大城市的公交系统中也十分常见.本文从泊位数与站台通行能力之间的关系入手给出了利用停靠站通行能力计算泊位数的方法.利用排队论分析与评价站点能更好地满足高峰时段公交的停靠需求.利用泊位数和站台服务水平的概念可...     

码头建设投资对最佳泊位利用率影响的研究

港口工程的设计原则之一是使港口企业、船公司和货主三方的在港费用总和最低,追求国民经济效益的最大化.海港总平面设计规范中的最佳泊位利用率是某一范围内的推荐值,与码头投资无关.以某业主码头原油泊位为例,根据排队论原理利用计算机模拟技术推算出的最佳泊位利用率,超出了规范推荐值的范围,分析其原因是码头投资过大.采用4组假定的不...     

基于交通流理论的公交站点间行程时间预测

分析了公交站点间车辆运行过程,将行程预测时间划分为交叉口排队等待时间、路段行驶时间和停站时间3个部分,利用交通波理论和延误三角形,分别建立了无公交专用车道和有公交专用车道2种情况下排队等待时间的动态预测模型;根据乘客到站规律和上下车规律,提出了公交车进站停靠时间模型;针对无公交专用车道条件下的时间预测方法进行了实例演算.实验数据表明,基于交通波行程时间预测方法具有较高的精度,可以满足站点间行程时间预报要求.     

快速路菱形立交出入口间距设置及适应性研究

应用Vissim仿真模型研究了在不同的主辅路流量组合和交织流量比下,菱形立交出入口区间平均速度、平均最大排队长度、出口流量与出入口间距的关系.研究表明,交织区平均速度、平均最大排队长度和出口流量都随出入口间距的变化而变化.当主辅路流量和交织流量比较小时,三者随出入口间距变化较小;当主辅路流量和交织流量比较大时,三者随出入口间距变化较大.因此可以得出,当交通流量较小或出入口间距受限时,出入口间距为l00 m时比较适宜;当交通流量较大时,随交织流量比由0.2增大到0.3以上时,出入口间距应由300 m增大到450m,才能有较好的运行状态.     

Adaptive road border crossing system management: the role of priority programs

Land border crossings in North America, such as those between Canada and U.S.A., are expected to experience severe imbalance of travel demand and capacity of processors. During peak travel periods, this is already the case at high traffic locations. The land border crossing authorities have to address problems of congestion, national security and environmental impacts in the operation of the existing systems and to continue to address these problems as a part of infrastructure expansion plans. There is a need to adapt the crossing system management in order to accommodate efficiency and productivity‐oriented priority crossing measures. From a methodological perspective, it is a challenge to evaluate the role of priority crossing measures within the complex border crossing system. This paper reports research on modelling priority crossing initiatives. A microsimulation approach was used to model and analyse integrated processors of the Peace Bridge crossing system between Fort Erie (Ontario) and Buffalo (New York) under different scenarios of travel demand, customs processing times, priority crossing and queue jump lanes for automobile and truck traffic. Findings show the extent to which a border crossing system with priority crossing and queue jump lanes is more efficient and productive than one without these innovations. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于视频图像处理的车辆排队长度检测

综合灰度检测和边缘检测的优点，提出了一种将灰度与边缘检测相结合的方法来检测队列长度，采用帧平均法来处理视频流，可以减小由于摄像头抖动或背景微小变化而产生的误差。提出的队列检测算法包含运动检测和车辆存在检测，通过合理分配使用这两种操作，节省了运算时间。实验结果表明，此方法实现简单，能够获得较满意的检测结果。     

信号交叉口排队长度预测的神经网络方法

预测信号交叉口的排队长度可以为交通信号控制和管理提供非常重要的信息。基于神经网络，针对定时和感应信号交叉口两种不同情况，成功实现了单、双车道排队长度的预测。同时，感应器与停车线之间的距离对预测精度的影响也进行了初步分析。模拟结果同时表明，神经网络对左转车道排队长度的预测效果不佳，不能为信号控制和管理提供有效的信息。     

排队论在成渝高速公路收费站服务台设计和管理中的应用

运用排队论对高速公路收费站服务强度、队列中排队等待的平均车辆数及车辆在收费站的平均逗留时间、车辆平均排队等待时间进行分析,建立成渝高速公路收费站服务台与工作人员配备模型,并用实例证明此模型的适用性,对于减少运营成本,提高服务水平效果显著.