快速路出口辅路与地面交叉口协调控制策略研究

快速路出口及辅路通过的流量增大时,易造成出口下游交叉口的拥堵,同时拥堵会向上游蔓延造成快速路出口范围的拥堵。为缓解出口范围的拥堵,提出了一种新的协调控制策略。以辅路衔接路段排队为检测变量,协调计算出口下游交叉口的周期、绿信比和辅路的绿灯时长,并给出了各控制变量小步距连续调整的算法。仿真实验结果表明该协调控制策略是有效的,与固定配时策略相比出口匝道通过固定流量持续时间至少减少了10%。     

双向道路“分隔带调头口”排队模型化

在以往的道路分隔带调头口的设计中,多是采用经验做法,这不免存在缺陷。为了弥补这一缺陷,必须对调头口进行量化研究,用数学知识来描述调头口。排队模型就是个很好的工具,把调头口模型化,从理论上对调头口的排队性质与排队参数进行论述。基于排队模型的性质,系统的到达率与服务率是进行排队研究的基础。在调头口排队系统中,主要利用概率知识从理论上进行推导。在调头口排队理论基础上,通过实际交通调查即可确定调头口的设计长度,也可决定调头口是否应该采取交通管制。     

基于排队论的地铁站台设施客流延误分析

通过对地铁站台乘客的疏散过程分析,利用确定性排队论方法,建立地铁车站楼梯和自动扶梯设施的简化客流延误模型。然后,根据一组假设的数据,运用该模型模拟分析车站站台乘客在楼梯和自动扶梯设施处的延误状况。最后,采用敏感性分析方法,探讨不确定性因素对乘客在楼梯和自动扶梯设施处延误的影响。     

基于排队过长的城市高速公路入口匝道控制策略

通过对城市高速公路控制策略的介绍,以及对城市高速公路主要入口匝道排队过长情况的分析．提出一种有针对性的基于排队过长的入口匝道控制策略,可为城市高速公路管理部门进行入口匝道控制提供一种有效的方法。     

考虑车流异质性的信号交叉口疏解车辆跟驰模型

为客观地描述绿灯期间交叉口进口道异质疏解车流的跟驰行为,基于实测数据验证全速差模型发现,其加速度、速度、车间距的仿真结果存在较大误差. 考虑不同车型车辆性能和驾驶员驾驶行为差异,基于4 种跟驰情景,即小客车跟驰小客车(car-car),小客车跟驰公交车(car-bus),公交车跟驰小客车(bus-car),公交车跟驰公交车(bus-bus),建立考虑车流异质性的车辆跟驰模型. 结果表明,改进模型的性能提升明显,较全速差模型,速度和跟驰间距的均方根百分比误差(RMSPE)分别下降了15.29%,22.32%,更符合交叉口进口道异质疏解车流的跟驰行为.     

考虑排队阻滞和换道的改进宏观交通流模型

考虑路段上车辆换道及交叉口处排队阻滞作用,对交通流宏观演化模型进行改进.首先在排队中考虑不同车道的速度、密度差异,建立了换道模型;然后在交叉口内部划分各流向排队车辆的累积路径,分析不同的排队溢出位置对其他车流的阻滞影响;综合考虑车辆换道及交叉口处阻滞影响,建立了改进的车道组宏观交通流模型;最后设计仿真实验对模型进行验证.结果表明,在高流量需求下,本文模型能够模拟出下游的排队溢出对其他车流的阻滞影响;且在低中高3种不同的流量需求下,改进模型计算结果与仿真输出的驶离流量基本相符,与原有模型相比精度更高;由此证实了改进模型的准确性.     

An investigation of multiplier effects generated by implementing queue jump lanes at multiple intersections

This paper investigates the combination effects of queue jump lanes (QJLs) on signalised arterials to establish if a multiplier effect exists, that is, the benefit from providing QJLs at multiple intersections is higher than the sum of benefits from providing them individually at each of those intersections. To explore the combination effects on bus delay and total person delay, a delay estimation model is developed using kinematic wave theory, kinematic equations and Monte Carlo simulation. In addition, to investigate the combination effects in offset settings optimised for bus delay or total person delay, offset optimisation models are proposed. Validation results using traffic micro‐simulation indicate the effectiveness and computational efficiency of the proposed models. Results of a modelling test bed suggest that providing QJLs at multiple intersections can create a multiplier effect on one‐directional bus delay savings with signal offsets that provide bus progression. Furthermore, optimising offsets to minimise bus delay tends to create a multiplier effect on one‐directional bus delay savings, particularly when variations in dwell times are not high. The reason for the multiplier effect may be that providing QJLs reduces variations in bus travel times, which makes signal coordination for buses perform more effectively. From a policy perspective, the existence of a multiplier effect suggests that a corridor‐wide scale implementation of QJLs has considerable merit. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Combining driver response with cyclical queue optimisation over selected corridors

A case study located in Auckland, New Zealand, was used to quantify the magnitude of savings that may result if the SCATS adaptive traffic control system contains an explicitly combined queue estimation and offset adjustment on a cycle‐by‐cycle basis. A validated SATURN traffic model was used to evaluate five scenarios that represent the short‐run and long‐run efficiency gains resulting from progressive signal adaption with an objective of queue minimisation on the main corridors. Optimisation was applied both area‐wide, and on selected arterial corridors, using a combined split/offset optimisation routine with responsive driver behaviour to achieve a network‐wide and corridor‐specific efficiency gain. The modelling heuristic evaluates the efficiency of both the Equisat and P₀ optimisation policies that would mimic a more progressive adaption of signals under SCATS. Results for the long‐run area‐wide optimisation can produce network‐wide travel‐time savings in the order of 20% and a reduction in transient queues of 28% if only selected corridors are optimised, with a 5% reduction in journey time over an average 8‐min journey. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

城市轨道交通车辆基地出入段扩能方法研究

随着上海轨道交通网络化运营的不断发展,对车辆基地出入段能力提出了更高的要求.对既有运营线路不同出段方式以及出段能力进行了综合分析和比较,分析了限制出段能力的诸多因素,指出了提高出段能力的限制瓶颈.明确提出采用基于调车自动进路的列队追踪扩能方法能够从根本上解决瓶颈问题,提高出段能力,满足正线行车要求.     

城市轨道交通站台宽度计算方法研究

针对现有城市轨道交通站台宽度计算方法存在的问题,提出了对站台区域进行合理划分,候车乘客单排队列密度的城市轨道交通站台宽度计算的新方法。以已运营轨道交通车站为对象进行案例研究,验证了所提出的城市轨道交通站台宽度计算方法比我国现行《地铁设计规范》的站台宽度计算公式更合理。