动态交通分配中一种多模式动态决定式点排队模型及其特性分析

提出了一个可应用于动态交通分配中的多模式决定式点排队模型。模型中不同的交通模式(如小汽车、卡车和公交车等)由于车辆特性以及长度的差异在路网中将分别具有不同的行驶特性。为了能够反映不同模式车辆在路段上的相互作用,将单模式点排队模型扩展为多模式点排队模式。并对这个模型的相关特性进行了研究,如:反映不同模式车辆在路段上的速度收敛特性,在路段上每一模式车辆的先入先出特性(FIFO)以及路段上不同模式车辆的因果特性。     

ETC系统缴费方式随机选择模型

针对组合式收费系统中驾驶员缴费方式的随机选择行为,以排队论与非集计理论为基础,建立电子收费(Electronic Toll Collection,ETC)系统缴费方式随机选择模型及均衡状态求解算法。通过均衡分析与灵敏度分析探讨了ETC技术的采用对道路使用者的技术选择与车道选择行为所产生的影响,所得结果可为ETC系统的规划和管理提供帮助。     

信号交叉口红绿灯配时优化的休假排队模型

通过深入分析机动车辆在十字型信号交叉口的排队现象,建立了休假排队模型,求出该系统处于稳态时的各项指标,通过对系统稳态指标的分析建立对于信号交叉口的配时优化与评价的方法。     

实时信息交换技术在地铁清分系统中的研究与实现

基于TCP/IP协议,从逻辑架构、处理流程、技术特点、数据结构定义、模块功能、业务逻辑和数据库的实现等方面,对采用多层体系结构的实时信息交换系统作了详细的阐述。给出了它作为轨道交通清分系统的重要子系统的一个应用实例。实践表明,该技术的实际应用提高了整个清分系统的可靠性、可扩展性、可管理性和安全性。     

Queue discharge patterns at signalized intersections with green signal countdown device and long cycle length

Two apparent features that prevail at signalized intersections in China are green signal countdown device and long cycle lengths. The objective of this study is to investigate the impacts of green signal countdown device and long cycle length on queue discharge patterns and to discuss its implications on capacity estimation in the context of China's traffic. At five typical large intersections in Shanghai and Tianjin, 11 through lanes were observed, and 9251 saturation headways were obtained as valid samples. Statistical analyses indicate that the discharge process of queuing vehicles can be divided into three distinct stages according to the discharge flow rate: a start‐up stage, a steady stage, and a rush stage. The average time for queuing vehicles to reach a stationary saturation flow rate, that is, the start‐up stage, was found to be approximately 20–30 seconds; the rush stage usually occurs during the phase transition period. The finding is contrary to the conventional assumption that the discharge rate reaches a maximum value after the fourth vehicle is discharged and then remains constant during the green time until the queue is completely dissolved. The capacity estimation errors that might arise from the conventional methods are discussed through a comparative study and a sensitivity analysis that are based on the identified queue discharge patterns. In addition, a piecewise linear regression method was proposed in order to reduce such errors. The proposed method can be used for capacity estimation at signalized intersections with the identified queue discharge patterns. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Consistency of Input-Output Model and Shockwave Analysis in Queue and Delay Estimations

This paper investigates the consistency between the simple input-output model and the shockwave analysis method as applied to traffic bottleneck problems. Mathematical derivations considering changes in arriving demand and discharge rate have shown that these models are consistent in queue and delay estimations, as both methods produce identical results at anytime during the congestion propagation and dissipation processes. Earlier findings on the inconsistency of these two methods are attributed to the lack of consideration of the baseline factor, which is dependent on the level of background traffic. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the importance of the baseline factor, to ensure consistency regardless of the use of different flow-density relationships.     

New Approach to Measuring Traffic Queue at Intersections

To measure the length of traffic queue, a vehicle motion model at intersections was built, and based on it the effective traffic queue was defined. Color images segmentation and frame differencing technique were used to detect the foreground and the moving vehicles by detecting regions of the images, and then measure the length of effective traffic queue. By processing the image sequence acquired at certain intersection, the results prove that it is able to work out the traffic queue effectively by using the two techniques.     

定点停靠公交的服务效率与停靠能力研究

在多线路公交站,为规范乘车秩序,实现乘客排队候乘车,需要公交车在公交站内各指定位置进行停靠,即定点停靠。但是现实中定点停靠措施使公交车出现排队拥堵的频率大为增加。鉴于此,首先根据排队论建立了定点停靠公交站排队模型（c_M／M／1型）与自由停靠公交站排队模型（M／M／c型）,通过服务指标的比较探讨出现此现象的理论原因;其次,运用排队概率方法建立公交站合理停车位数量的计算模型,并在综合考虑公交车到达频率、平均停靠时间以及可忍受排队概率等因素的基础上．计算两种类型公交车站的合理停车位数量。研究得出,在公交车平均到达率与平均停靠时间不变的情况下,实施定点停靠措施后．公交车站的服务效率会降低,对停车泊位的需求会增加。     

高架出口匝道区域工程措施实施边界条件研究

针对目前上海市交通高峰期部分出口匝道拥挤严重而面临可能采取工程措施的情况,利用VISSIM仿真软件建模进行出口匝道区域工程措施实施的边界条件研究。以模型中出口匝道车辆排队长度不回溯至主线为条件,确定某个出口匝道的疏散能力(能离开该出口匝道并通过前方交叉口疏散的最大交通量),为今后出口匝道的组织和控制奠定理论基础,并结合现状交通需求,定量确定实施工程措施的充分条件和必要条件,给上海乃至全国高架道路出口匝道区域工程措施实施与否提供理论依据。     

受空间制约的快速路下匝道与交叉口衔接段优化设计与控制

提出了受空间制约的快速路下匝道衔接段优化设计与控制的思路,即通过计算允许排队长度与绿灯时间关系,对相邻交叉口采用半感应控制方式,保证了衔接段的车流交织长度。分析了绿灯时间参数的确定方法和交叉口半感应控制流程。通过Vissim软件仿真进一步说明了方案的有效性。同时还指出,在空间严重受制的情况下,交织段可采用类似于交叉口的信号控制方式。