水下接收罗兰C信号周期识别补偿方法研究

由于色散效应影响,罗兰C信号在水下传播时各频率分量相位改变量不同,导致合成信号包络发生形变,周期识别时需要进行包周差补偿处理。为此,在分析罗兰C信号水下传播色散特性基础上,通过仿真给出了标准信号由空气入水后在水中不同深度接收到的信号载波前五周半峰值比。然后,结合上述仿真结果,根据最小均方思想设计了一种融入包周差补偿的用于水下接收信号识别的简单可行周期识别方法。试验结果表明,所设计周期识别补偿方法能够准确实现水下接收罗兰C信号的周期识别,提高接收机定位精度,对拓展罗兰C接收机的水下应用领域具有重要意义。     

气阀故障对空气压缩机工作的影响及应对措施

文章分析了气阀故障对空气压缩机工作的影响,指出了气阀故障的判断方法,针对气阀故障提出了管理和检修时提高气阀工作可靠性的对策。这对于轮机管理人员及时准确的发现和排除空压机气阀故障具有一定的参考意义。     

海监船与渔政船主尺度模型研究

分析了我国海监船和渔政船发展现状及发展趋势。整理分析相关的船型数据资料,利用逐步回归的数学方法,分别基于Excel回归分析、MATLAB的BP神经网络工具箱和RBF神经网络工具箱,建立了海监船和渔政船主尺度的数学模型,并对3种数学统计模型进行了实船验证和误差分析,结果显示BP神经网络和RBF神经网络模型误差较小。数学模型的建立有利于分析和掌握海监船与渔政船主尺度变化的规律,为报价设计和初步设计提供了科学依据。     

Rebound effects caused by the improvement of vehicle energy efficiency: An analysis based on a SP-off-RP survey

This study provide a straightforward way of examining the rebound effects of switching to more fuel efficient technologies, as well as determining the distribution of the effects in the household sector, including both the residential and transport sectors. A SP-off-RP survey conducted in Japan in 2012 asked people to state their preference for the reallocation behaviors after informing them of their annual operating cost saving resulting from the vehicle efficiency improvement. Coupled who save money from relocation are more likely to spend this either on housing features or transport; supporting the idea of rebound effects, although not only limited to within the transport sector. Regarding the distribution of rebound effects, domestic appliances are more likely to be affected than vehicles.     

Comparing aircraft noise pollution and cost-risk effects of inland and offshore airports: The case of Dalian International Airport,Dalian, China

China’s Dalian International Airport is taken to compare the aircraft noise pollution and the cost-risk effects of the expanded an existing inland and a proposed offshore airport. The findings show that the aircraft noise pollution of the offshore airport is much less than that of the expanded inland airport; the land-use cost, noise reduction charges and other risks of the offshore airport are also much less; the creation of the offshore airport may be more favorable to the city’s development.     

A study of the bi-directional pedestrian flow characteristics at Hong Kong signalized crosswalk facilities

This paper investigates the bi-directional flow characteristics at signalized crosswalk facilities in Hong Kong. Pedestrian flow measurements were conducted at selected signalized crosswalks in Hong Kong urban area with and without the Light Rail Transit (LRT) railway tracks in the median of the carriageway. The pedestrian speed-flow functions for these crosswalk facilities were calibrated. The relationships between the walking speed at capacity and directional distribution of pedestrian flow (or flow ratio) are determined. The effects of different flow ratio on the effective capacity are also investigated. The bi-directional pedestrian flow effects on signalized crosswalk facilities with LRT tracks are found more significant than those without LRT tracks. The result could be used as a basis to improve the assessment of the crosswalk's capacity and to determine the design walking speeds under different flow ratios at signalized crosswalks in Hong Kong and in other Asian cities with similar environments.     

几何非线性因素对密索型斜拉桥自振特性的影响

本文根据有限元法与有限位移理论,对一座密索型针拉桥进行了线性与 非线性的固有振动空间计算,并将计算结果作对比,以揭示几何非线性 因素时自振特性的影响。      

Asymmetry of Columbia River tidal plume fronts

Columbia River tidal plume dynamics can be explained in terms of two asymmetries related to plume-front depth and internal wave generation. These asymmetries may be an important factor contributing to the observed greater primary productivity and phytoplankton standing crop on the Washington shelf. The tidal plume (the most recent ebb outflow from the estuary) is initially supercritical with respect to the frontal internal Froude number F_R on strong ebbs. It is separated from the rotating plume bulge by a front, whose properties are very different under upwelling vs. downwelling conditions. Under summer upwelling conditions, tidal plume fronts are sharp and narrow (< 20–50 m wide) on their upwind or northern side and mark a transition from supercritical to subcritical flow for up to 12 h after high water. Such sharp fronts are a source of turbulent mixing, despite the strong stratification. Because the tidal plume may overlie newly upwelled waters, these fronts can mix nutrients into the plume. Symmetry would suggest that there should be a sharp front south of the estuary mouth under summer downwelling conditions. Instead, the downwelling tidal plume front is usually diffuse on its upstream side. Mixing is weaker, and the water masses immediately below are low in nutrients. There is also an upwelling–downwelling asymmetry in internal wave generation. During upwelling and weak wind conditions, plume fronts often generate trains of non-linear internal waves as they transition from a supercritical to a subcritical state. Under downwelling conditions, internal wave release is less common and the waves are less energetic. Furthermore, regardless of wind conditions, solition formation almost always begins on the south side of the plume so that the front “unzips” from south to north. This distinction is important, because these internal waves contribute to vertical mixing in the plume bulge and transport low-salinity water across the tidal plume into the plume bulge.F_R and plume depth are key parameters in distinguishing the upwelling and downwelling situations, and these two asymmetries can be explained in terms of potential vorticity conservation. The divergence of the tidal outflow after it leaves the estuary embeds relative vorticity in the emerging tidal plume water mass. This vorticity controls the transition of the tidal plume front to a subcritical state and consequently the timing and location of internal wave generation by plume fronts.     

波浪运动补偿平台广义升沉位移的实时预报

具有波浪运动补偿功能的稳定平台可有效减少船舶在风浪中的摇摆和升沉运动对某些海上作业和设备的影响.为了有效地进行波浪运动补偿,需要对该平台的广义升沉位移(横摇、纵摇以及升沉的耦合作用结果)进行极短时预报.本文采用时间序列分析理论中的自回归(AR)模型作为预报模型,对波浪运动补偿平台的广义升沉位移进行极短时预报.在以往的研究中,通常采用递推最小二乘法AR模型进行在线参数估计.但是采用递推最小二乘法进行参数估计容易引起参数爆发,从而影响AR模型的稳定性.针对该问题,本文采用阻尼递推最小二乘法对AR模型进行在线参数估计,并结合实验获得的平台控制点的广义升沉位移数据进行实时建模预报.仿真结果表明,采用阻尼递推最小二乘法进行参数估计能抑制参数爆发,并能提高AR模型实时预报精度.     

生态环保业的宏观经济效应实证分析

按照生态环保业的新内涵,运用量化的投入产出方法,形成中观行业到宏观经济效应的研究路径,基于最近几个年份的投入产出表,全面研究行业现状,系统研究行业在经济总量、就业、物价方面对宏观经济的效应,推导出拉动行业发展的需求因素,结合研究结果提出疏浚企业拓展生态环保业的建议。