Assessment of port economic impacts on regional economy with a case study on the Port of Lisbon

This article presents a method of assessing the economic impacts of ports at both regional level and national level, through application of input–output analysis. To this end, a methodology for data collection is proposed, which combines a top-down with a bottom-up approach which should help in surpassing some of the difficulties commonly faced in port economic impact studies. The presented methodology allows port planners and policymakers to assess the economic significance and geographic reach of port investments. This study considers the economic impacts of the port cluster and the socio-economic significance of port user industries. The several layers of the analysis are kept separate to allow a better grasp of direct and indirect impacts. The proposed methodology is demonstrated in a study of the Port of Lisbon, which confirms the significance of this port to the Portuguese economy, and also demonstrates that the influence of the Port of Lisbon is mostly limited to an area in close proximity to the port. Therefore, results suggest that investments for the development of logistic infrastructures associated with the port should concentrate in the immediate hinterland of the port.     

A review of guidelines for including wider economic impacts in transport appraisal

In this paper we examine how 23 industrialised countries treat wider economic impacts (WEIs) in transport appraisals. We identify 12 different types of impacts based on these countries’ appraisal guidelines. Agglomeration impacts and Production changes in imperfect markets are the most widely accepted, being recognised by 14 and 10 countries, respectively. However, about half of the impacts are mentioned by only one country, and few recommend including the impacts directly in cost–benefit analyses. Several countries provide provisos or criteria that must be met before WEIs can be assessed in the first place. We found method recommendations for quantifying WEIs in 10 countries. However, with the exception of the UK Department for Transport’s (DfT) methodological framework, there is very little international consensus on the choice of appropriate methods. Our findings thus supplement and reinforce the conclusions from the Norwegian Official Report of the Hagen Committee [NOU 2012:16. (2012). Samfunnsøkonomiske analyser. Oslo: Departementenes servicesenter] that there is currently no established consensus on the magnitude and relevance of WEIs, or on how and which of these impacts should be taken into account in transport appraisals. Recommendations for further research and appraisal practices are provided.     

Comparison of emerging ground propulsion systems for electrified aircraft taxi operations

Aviation is a mode with high fuel consumption per passenger mile and has significant environmental impacts. It is important to seek ways to reduce fuel consumption by the aviation sector, but it is difficult to improve fuel efficiency during the en-route cruise phase of flight because of technology barriers, safety requirements, and the mode of operations of air transportation. Recent efforts have emphasized the development of innovative Aircraft Ground Propulsion Systems (AGPS) for electrified aircraft taxi operations. These new technologies are expected to significantly reduce aircraft ground-movement-related fuel burn and emissions. This study compares various emerging AGPS systems and presents a comprehensive review on the merits and demerits of each system, followed with the local environmental impacts assessment of these systems. Using operational data for the 10 busiest U.S. airports, a comparison of environmental impacts is performed for four kinds of AGPS: conventional, single engine-on, external, and on-board systems. The results show that there are tradeoffs in fuel and emissions among these emerging technologies. On-board system shows the best performance in the emission reduction, while external system shows the least fuel burn. Compared to single-engine scenario, external AGPS shows the reduction of HC and CO emissions but the increase of NO_x emission. When a general indicator is considered, on-board AGPS shows the best potential of reducing local environmental impacts. The benefit-cost analysis shows that both external and on-board systems are worth being implemented and the on-board system appeals to be more beneficial.     

Electric vehicle park-charge-ride programs: A planning framework and case study in Chicago

In suburban areas, combining the use of electric vehicles (EV) and transit systems in an EV Park-Charge-Ride (PCR) approach can potentially help improve transit accessibility, facilitate EV charging and adoption, and reduce the need for long-distance driving and ensuing impacts. Despite the anticipated growth of EV adoption and charging demand, PCR programs are limited. With a focus on multi-modal trips, this study proposes a generic planning process that integrates EV infrastructure development with transit systems, develops a systematic assessment approach to fostering the PCR adoption, and illustrates a case implementation in Chicago. Specifically, this study develops a Suitability Index (SI) for EV charging locations at parking spots that are suitable for both EV charging and transit connections. SI can be customized for short-term and long-term planning scenarios. SI values are derived in Chicago as an example for (1) commuter rail stations (for work trips), and (2) shopping centers near transit stops as potential opportunities for additional weekday parking and EV charging (for multi-purpose trips/MPT). Furthermore, carbon emissions and vehicle miles travelled (VMT) across various travel modes and trip scenarios (i.e., work trips and MPT) are calculated. Compared to the baseline of driving a conventional vehicle, this study found that an EV PCR commuter can reduce up to 87% of personal VMT and 52% of carbon emissions. A more active role of the public sector in the PCR program development is recommended.     

城市干道占道施工交通组织方法研究--以重庆鹅公岩大桥钢桥面翻修施工交通组织为例

阐述城市干道占道施工对交通产生影响的因素,提出相应施工交通组织原则;构建占道施工交通影响评价指标体系,提出基于AHP-模糊物元的占道施工交通影响评价方法,该方法结合定性与定量评价,可行性较强;系统探讨占道施工交通组织流程及施工交通组织主要措施,指出应根据交通影响评价结果反馈调整施工组织计划,以尽可能地优化施工组织计划,从而保证基本畅通的交通运行。以重庆鹅公岩大桥钢桥面翻修施工交通组织为例,论证本文研究成果的实用性。     

基于标准成本的城市公交补贴测算方法

在规制经济学下的成本规制理论基础上,通过对公交标准成本的定量核定,提出城市公交政策性补贴的定量测算方法,能够较准确的测算公交政策性补贴额度,解决政府与公交企业之间的博弈难题。通过实例分析,验证此定量测算方法的实用性和可操作性,为城市公共交通政策性补贴定量测算提供新思路。     

Foxp3在自身免疫性甲状腺病患者外周血和病变组织中的表达

目的检测自身免疫性甲状腺病(AITD)患者Foxp3的表达,探讨调节性T细胞(Treg)与AITD发病的关系。方法采用Real-time PCR检测AITD患者及健康对照者外周血及甲状腺组织中Foxp3mRNA的表达;免疫组织化学方法检测甲状腺内Foxp3蛋白的表达;Western blot方法检测外周血单个核细胞Foxp3蛋白的表达。结果与对照组相比,AITD患者外周血单核细胞Foxp3mRNA表达显著降低(P<0.05);桥本甲状腺炎(HT)患者外周血单个核细胞Foxp3蛋白表达下降(P<0.05),Graves病(GD)患者外周血单个核细胞Foxp3蛋白表达与对照组相比无差异(P>0.05)。与对照组相比,HT患者甲状腺组织Foxp3mRNA和蛋白表达均升高(P<0.05),而GD患者甲状腺组织Foxp3mRNA和蛋白表达水平与对照组相比无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论 CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Tregs的减少和/或功能的减退可能是诱导AITD尤其是HT发生的因素。     

金融危机对中国汽车产业的影响及企业应对建议

全球金融危机对世界汽车工业造成严重冲击,中国汽车工业亦受到深刻影响。通过全面、客观地分析了全球金融危机形势下,中国汽车产业发展面临的挑战及机遇,提出了中国汽车企业应对当前形势的对策建设。     

城市轨道交通项目次生环境影响问题的政策研究

城市轨道交通建设是改善城市交通环境的突破口,城市轨道交通项目会导致复杂的次生环境影响问题.但是,目前我国对城市轨道交通项目次生环境影响的研究范围较窄,存在很多缺陷.从城市土地、城市人口和城市生态这三个影响因素入手,讨论了我国城市轨道交通项目次生环境影响现存的问题,在此基础上,从项目规划、项目运营管理、技术手段以及城市环境治理等四个方面出发,构建了城市轨道交通项目次生环境影响的优化措施模型,为城市轨道交通项目的理性决策提供重要的理论依据.     

关于专车平台服务性质及监管必要性的探讨

要对网络专车进行有效监管,前提是明确专车平台的运输服务性质。在分别从专车的交易性质、运行特征、法律责任等方面探讨专车服务性质和监管影响的基础上,明确了专车平台不是信息中介,而是在提供运输服务,并从法律角度得出专车现有的契约形式安排是监管套利的结论。最后结合国际主流做法,从社会法治、行业利益角度提出了政府部门尽快按运输服务建立专车监管体系的必要性。