简析中美两国清障车标准中托举质量的计算公式

通过对比中美两国《清障车》标准中托举质量的计算公式,分析公式中各参数的选取条件,结合国产底盘中前后轴荷的分布特点,以实例计算结果为依据,提出了适合国情的计算清障车托举质量的参数条件。     

智能分布式驱动汽车路径跟踪/制动能量回收协同控制策略研究

为了解决智能分布式驱动汽车路径跟踪与制动能量回收系统间的协同控制难题,充分考虑分布式驱动汽车四轮扭矩独立可控在智能驾驶系统中的优势,设计适应不同路面附着条件的智能分布式驱动汽车转向、制动分层协同控制策略。上层控制器依据不同的路面类型设计差异化的多目标代价函数,以综合优化各工况下的控制目标。高附路面下,制定满足最大能量回收值的全局参考车速,在线优化路径跟踪指令,实现最优能量回收的同时减小系统运算负荷;低附路面下,优先考虑车辆的路径跟踪性能和行驶稳定性,在多目标代价函数中取消对全局参考车速的跟随要求,增设终端速度约束与能量回收项性能指标并减小能量回收项性能指标的权重系数。上层控制器基于模型预测控制方法对多目标代价函数进行滚动优化与预测求解,得到期望的前轮转角及4个车轮的总制动扭矩需求。下层控制器根据制动扭矩需求对四轮的液压制动扭矩和电机制动扭矩进行分配,最终完成整个复合制动过程。基于MATLAB/Simulink和CarSim软件,搭建控制器在环仿真平台,并在高附和低附路面条件下对所提出的策略进行试验验证。研究结果表明：高附路面下,所提出的控制策略在准确跟踪期望路径的同时相较固定比例制动力分配方法可提升2.7%的能量回收值并减少约0.02 s的单次计算时间;低附路面下,与使用高附控制策略相比,能够保证车辆的路径跟踪准确性与行驶稳定性,同时可提升7.8%的能量回收值;控制器在环试验结果证明了该协同控制策略对车辆性能提升的有效性。     

细粒土路基平衡密度状态分析

为掌握细粒土路基的平衡密度状态及其变化原因,统计分析9条高速公路路床顶部的压实度和含水率检测资料,对3条黄泛区高速公路路基的压实度、含水率以及1条高速公路的路基模量进行全断面深度检测,并开展非饱和细粒土的湿化试验和弹性恢复试验。现场实测发现：在役路基除了实测含水率较最佳含水率有0~13.8%的增加外,相应的压实度出现了0~10%的线性衰减;其中,路床区、上路堤以及受水位波动影响较大的路基底部的压实度降低十分明显,而下路堤上部区域压实度基本维持不变甚至有所增大;路基压实度的变化与土的含水率密切相关。非饱和土三轴试验结果表明：土体湿化过程中,吸水导致体积膨胀和压实度衰减;当路床土吸湿至平衡湿度（含水率为18%）时,土体压实度降低5.07%。弹性恢复试验结果表明：压实路基土因变形恢复导致路基密度衰减;低含水率、高压实度和低上覆荷载条件下的弹性恢复较大,压实路床土弹性恢复导致的压实度降低值最大为0.5%;综合湿化和弹性恢复结果来看,两者占黄泛区路床区压实度衰减总量（约7%）的79.6%;此外,路基剪切模量的原位实测值较相同物理状态下的室内重塑土结果平均高出了60.64%,表明运营多年的高速公路路基土具有一定的结构性。因此,既有路基的评价应该同时考虑路基湿度增加、密度降低以及土体结构性等综合因素。     

基于dSPACE的叉车自动变速器控制系统性能仿真和实验研究

对叉车发动机与液力变矩器的参数进行匹配,确定动力性换挡曲线,采用区间信息值作为换挡逻辑输入量,建立基于车速和油门开度的动力性换挡规律;依据电磁阀工作特性及换挡执行元件工作逻辑,建立电磁阀模型;通过基于dSPACE的叉车自动变速器控制系统实时仿真实验,验证所建立的叉车自动变速器控制模型的正确性,为叉车自动变速器控制器的开发提供了参考。     

湿式双离合器自动变速器换挡规律制定与验证

建立基于油门开度和车速的最佳动力性和最佳经济性换挡规律,根据车辆不同挡位和油门开度,车辆对动力性和经济性要求的不同,对所建立的最佳动力性和经济性换挡规律进行调整,得到综合换挡规律。建立整车仿真模型,完成基于dSPACE的综合换挡规律快速原型试验,验证了综合换挡规律的正确性。     

Influence of polygonal wear of railway wheels on the wheel set axle stress

The coupled vehicle/track dynamic model with the flexible wheel set was developed to investigate the effects of polygonal wear on the dynamic stresses of the wheel set axle. In the model, the railway vehicle was modelled by the rigid multibody dynamics. The wheel set was established by the finite element method to analyse the high-frequency oscillation and dynamic stress of wheel set axle induced by the polygonal wear based on the modal stress recovery method. The slab track model was taken into account in which the rail was described by the Timoshenko beam and the three-dimensional solid finite element was employed to establish the concrete slab. Furthermore, the modal superposition method was adopted to calculate the dynamic response of the track. The wheel/rail normal forces and the tangent forces were, respectively, determined by the Hertz nonlinear contact theory and the Shen–Hedrick–Elkins model. Using the coupled vehicle/track dynamic model, the dynamic stresses of wheel set axle with consideration of the ideal polygonal wear and measured polygonal wear were investigated. The results show that the amplitude of wheel/rail normal forces and the dynamic stress of wheel set axle increase as the vehicle speeds rise. Moreover, the impact loads induced by the polygonal wear could excite the resonance of wheel set axle. In the resonance region, the amplitude of the dynamic stress for the wheel set axle would increase considerably comparing with the normal conditions.     

基于秩约束的车辆遮挡点恢复方法

为了恢复车辆跟踪过程中丢失的特征点,提出了一种基于秩约束的车辆遮挡点恢复方法,该方法利用所有车辆图像点组成一个秩3的矩阵,并利用该特性构造一个投影矩阵,利用该投影矩阵求到车辆遮挡点,再将求到的车辆遮挡点代替图像中的车辆遮挡点,经过多次迭代,最后求到车辆遮挡点的真实位置。该方法的优点是所有的图像及图像点都平等地看待,模拟试验和真实试验表明,该方法具有鲁棒性好、收敛性好及误差小等优点。     

Prediction of fatigue life and estimation of its reliability on the parts of an air suspension system

Air suspension systems have been implemented in various commercial vehicles, such as buses and special purpose trucks, because of the comfortable ride and easy height control. An evaluation of the durability of vehicle parts has been required for service life and safety starting in the early stages of design. The cyclic load applied to the vehicle can cause fatigue failure of parts, such as the suspension frame. This paper presents a method to predict the fatigue life of the suspension frame at the design stage of the air suspension system used in a heavy-duty vehicle. To estimate the fatigue life using the SN method, the Dynamic Stress Time History (DSTH) is necessary for the part of interest. DSTH can be obtained from the results of the flexible body dynamic analysis using the Belgian road simulation and the Modal Stress Recovery (MSR) method. Furthermore, the reliability of the predicted fatigue life can be evaluated by considering the variations in material properties. The probability and distribution of the expected life cycle can be obtained using experimental design with a minimum number of simulations. The advantage of using statistical methods to evaluate the life cycle is the ability to predict replacement time and the probability of failure of mass-produced parts. This paper proposes a rapid and simple method that can be effectively applied to the design of vehicle parts.     

路政管理为工程建设服务的体会

阐述提前介入容量县至岑溪一级公路梧州工程建设的路政管理，对推动施工顺利进行和确保良好的路容路貌的体会。     

基于自适应插值的符号定时恢复算法

在分析插值滤波器和均衡器的基础上,讨论了一种自适应插值的定时恢复算法,并进行了仿真.仿真结果表明,这一方法优于拉格朗日插值算法和LMS均衡算法.该算法在完成了对定时误差的插值运算的同时,也消除了衰落引起的码间干扰,性能良好.