From suspended particles to strata: The fate of terrestrial substances in the Gaoping (Kaoping) submarine canyon

The river–sea system consisting of the Gaoping (new spelling according to the latest government's directive, formerly spelled Kaoping) River (KPR), shelf, and Submarine Canyon (KPRSC) located off southern Taiwan is an ideal natural laboratory to study the source, pathway, transport, and fate of terrestrial substances. In 2004 during the flood season of the KPR, a system-wide comprehensive field experiment was conducted to investigate particle dynamics from a source-to-sink perspective in the KPRSC with the emphasis on the effect of particle size on the transport, settling, and sedimentation along the pathway. This paper reports the findings from (1) two sediment trap moorings each configured with a Technicap PPS 3/3 sediment trap, and an acoustic current meter (Aquadopp); (2) concurrent hydrographic profiling and water sampling was conducted over 8 h next to the sediment trap moorings; and (3) box-coring in the head region of the submarine canyon near the mooring sites. Particle samples from sediment traps were analyzed for mass fluxes, grain-size composition, total organic carbon (TOC) and nitrogen (TN), organic matter (OM), carbonate, biogenic opal, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), lithogenic silica and aluminum, and foraminiferal abundance. Samples from box cores were analyzed for grain-size distribution, TOC, particulate organic matter (POM), carbonate, biogenic opal, water content, and ²¹⁰Pb_ex. Water samples were filtered through 500, 250, 63, 10 µm sieves and 0.4 µm filter for the suspended sediment concentration of different size-classes.Results show that the river and shelf do not supply all the suspended particles near the canyon floor. The estimated mass flux near the canyon floor exceeds 800 g/m²/day, whose values are 2–7 times higher than those at the upper rim of the canyon. Most of the suspended particles in the canyon are fine-grained (finer than medium silt) lithogenic sediments whose percentages are 90.2% at the upper rim and 93.6% in the deeper part of the canyon.As suspended particles settle through the canyon, their size-composition shows a downward fining trend. The average percentage of clay-to-fine-silt particles (0.4–10 µm) in the water samples increases from 22.7% above the upper rim of the canyon to 56.0% near the bottom of the canyon. Conversely, the average percentage of the sand-sized (> 63 µm) suspended particles decreases downward from 32.0% above the canyon to 12.0% in the deeper part of the canyon. Correspondingly, the substrate of the canyon is composed largely of hemipelagic lithogenic mud. Parallel to this downward fining trend is the downward decrease of concentrations of suspended nonlithogenic substances such as TOC and PAH, despite of their affinity to fine-grained particles.On the surface of the canyon, down-core variables (grain size, ²¹⁰Pb_ex activity, TOC, water content) near the head region of the canyon show post-depositional disturbances such as hyperpycnite and turbiditic deposits. These deposits point to the occurrences of erosion and deposition related to high-density flows such as turbidity currents, which might be an important process in submarine canyon sedimentation.     

白洋淀疏浚底泥絮凝脱水试验及应用*

针对白洋淀生态清淤底泥土工管袋脱水絮凝的问题,开展土工管袋脱水试验研究及工程验证。进行无机絮凝剂、有机絮凝剂和生物絮凝剂的复配小试和中试试验,提出适用于白洋淀土工管袋脱水的絮凝方案,并通过工程化实施,验证了絮凝方案的土工管袋脱水性能。研究采用分组试验的方法,以底泥絮凝后絮体大小、絮体强度和上清液清澈度作为评价指标。结果表明：复配絮凝剂投加量1.5%时,底泥絮凝效果最优,且余水水质化学需氧量（COD）、总磷（TP）改善明显,COD和TP分别削减83.92%和91.18%,土工管袋充填结束第30 d降低底泥含水率至低于55%。     

大、小门岛连岛工程对周围海区环境影响研究

基于TK-2D软件,采用潮流泥沙数值模拟手段对大门岛与小门岛连岛工程对周围海区环境的影响进行了研究和论证。研究结果表明,大门岛与小门岛连岛工程对周围海区环境影响很小,有利于出海航道(中水道和黄大岙水道)、沙头水道和小门水道水深维护,对黄大峡水道水深影响亦很小。因此,大门岛与小门岛连岛工程是可行的。     

植物法修复污染河道底泥

近年来,污染河道底泥修复越来受到关注。植物法具有其成本低、效果好、不易坏生态环境和不产生二次污染等优点,成为当今污染河道底泥的研究重点和热点。针对不同类型污染底泥,总结和梳理了N、P营养盐污染底泥,有机物污染底泥和重金属污染底泥的修复特点,实际应用中,需因地制宜,兼顾多方面因素,选择合适的植物,并提出今后需要重点研究的方向。