面向驾驶模拟器的高等级公路三维视景建模与实现

随着汽车驾驶模拟器在道路交通仿真中的广泛应用,驾驶员对视景的逼真度也相应地提出了较高的要求。视景仿真系统作为模拟器的一个子系统,其逼真度和实时的动态显示是影响道路交通仿真的关键因素。文中介绍了高等级公路三维视景的建模过程、实现方法,以及地形的简化技术。设计成果表明,这种方法对于利用驾驶模拟器进行道路交通仿真等方面的研究是可行的。     

经管类专业ERP综合模拟实践教学的探讨

文中针对当前ERP课程教学中的各种问题,对实现经管类专业ERP综合模拟实践教学进行了探讨,指出了经管类ERP综合模拟实践教学的优势,并总结出经管类ERP综合模拟实践的教学内容和教学方式.     

桥墩抗船撞击性能研究

桥梁在船舶碰撞时受到的动力载荷和响应是复杂的动力非线性问题。首先阐述了船桥碰撞常用的研究方法,同时简要介绍了数值模拟方法的基本原理。用非线性有限元程序LS-DANA对一艘5万t实船与桥梁的碰撞过程进行了仿真分析,研究了有、无防撞装置对桥梁冲击性能的影响,结果表明柔性防撞装置既能保护桥墩又保护了船的安全,计算结果为工程设计提供了有价值的数据。     

采油工艺管柱自动导向器

设计了一种新型采油工艺管柱导向器,通过应用该导向器,在作业中实现管柱铰接,可有效解决由套管套变引起的封隔器损坏、失效现象,起到保护封隔器胶筒的作用.并可解决大斜度井、定向井工艺管柱偏磨与导向问题,减少对管柱接箍的损坏及对套管的刮磨破坏,提高其使用寿命.可广泛应用于油水井增产增注工艺管柱上.     

管道疲劳寿命的可靠性分析

针对管道的疲劳失效分析,以概率论为基础,结合确定性的疲劳断裂力学估算方法,推导了管道的疲劳裂纹扩展寿命的计算公式.考虑到主要评定参数:初始裂纹尺寸、工况载荷、断裂韧性、机械强度、系数等的不确定性和随机性,应用蒙特卡罗模拟法对这些具有某种特定分布的随机变量进行了随机抽样计算.并利用数值积分法编制了计算机程序,求出在一定可靠度和置信度下的疲劳寿命,并与理论计算方法求得的疲劳寿命进行了比较.还比较了不同初始裂纹尺寸和断裂韧性对疲劳寿命的影响,并给出了算例.分析结果表明:蒙特卡罗模拟法真实地反映评定参数客观存在的不确定性,克服了确定性评定方法的缺点,具有良好的工程指导意义.     

混凝土抗剪强度尺寸效应的细观数值模拟

混凝土的抗剪强度关系到混凝土结构的安全。采用随机骨料模型模拟混凝土的细观结构,利用有限元方法数值模拟混凝土试件的细观损伤断裂和抗剪强度,将所得数值结果与混凝土重力坝设计规范参考值比较,结果较为吻合,从而为混凝土力学性能的数值模拟开辟了新途径。同时研究表明混凝土试件的抗剪强度存在明显的尺寸效应。     

船舶电网频率实时检测仿真研究

针对电力推进船舶电网频率的实时精确检测,阐述了基于二阶直接型IIR数字陷波器的基本原理,基于LMP(p=3)自适应算法建立了在跟踪陷波器参数基础上的船舶电网频率实时检测模型,并分别在电网频率不变、频率发生阶跃变化以及频率线性变化的不同情况下进行了基于Simulink的仿真研究。仿真结果验证了提出的频率检测方法的实时性和精确性。     

Are HOV/eco-lanes a sustainable option to reducing emissions in a medium-sized European city?

Innovative traffic management measures are needed to reduce transportation-related emissions. While in Europe, road lane management has focused mainly on introduction of bus lanes, the conversion to High Occupancy Vehicles (HOV) and eco-lanes (lanes dedicated to vehicles running on alternative fuels) has not been studied comprehensively. The objectives of this research are to: (1) Develop an integrated microscopic modeling platform calibrated with real world data to assess both traffic and emissions impacts of future Traffic Management Strategies (TMS) in an urban area; (2) Evaluate the introduction of HOV/eco-lanes in three different types of roads, freeway, arterial and urban routes, in an European medium-sized city and its effects in terms of emissions and traffic performance. The methodology consists of three distinct phases: (a) Traffic and road inventory data collection; (b) Traffic and emissions simulation using an integrated platform of microscopic simulation; and (c) Evaluation of scenarios. For the baseline scenario, the statistical analysis shows valid results. The results show that HOV and eco-lanes in a medium European city are feasible, and when the Average Occupancy of Vehicles (AOV) increases, on freeways, the majority of vehicles can reduce their travel time (2%) with a positive impact in terms of total emissions (−38% NO_x, −39% HC, −43% CO and −37% CO₂). On urban and arterial corridors, the reduction in emissions could be achieved only if the AOV increases from 1.50 to 1.70 passengers/vehicle. Total emissions of the corridor with an AOV of 1.70 passengers/vehicle can be reduced up to 35–36% for the urban route while the values can be reduced by 36–39% for the arterial road. With the introduction of Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV) and Electric Vehicles (EV) it is possible to reduce emissions, although the introduction of eco-lanes did not show significant reductions in emissions. When both policies are simulated together, an emissions improvement is observed for the arterial route and for two of the scenarios.     

The visual impact of development in coastal zone areas

Abstract

The focus of this paper is theoretical, as well as methodological. It reviews previous studies of visual impact and reports research by the author on people's evaluation of the appropriateness of different man‐made facilities in different coastal‐area contexts and other environments. In this study, subjects were asked to react to slides developed through the use of landscape models and experimental facilities to simulate the appearance of a building in the landscape, while systematically varying the visual relatedness between the two. Specific interest centered on the variable of congruity vs. contrast between the appearance of the building and its landscape context, manipulated by co‐varying the attributes of color and size to create a five‐point scale of contrast/obtrusiveness. The hypothesis was that judgments of appropriateness, and to a lesser extent judgments of liking, would vary inversely with level of contrast. The role of two further variables, the functional significance of the building in its setting, and the character of the setting itself, was also investigated. The author reviews methodological issues involved where subjects respond to visual stimuli for purposes of judging change in visual quality. These methodological issues include: stimulus‐selection and problems of simulation, choice of response measures, and choice of respondents, and the treatment of individual differences. The author calls for development of standardized scales and indices such as “perceptually‐relevant environmental quality indicators.”     

车辆动力性能评价仿真系统设计

运用LabVIEW图形化编程软件,通过结构化设计及模块化编程,设计出车辆动力性能评价仿真系统.该仿真系统考虑了多种参数对车辆动力性能的影响,并且能够处理Excel扭矩数据表格和生成Word报表文档,使用方便,仿真结果准确性较高.利用此仿真结果可进一步优化车辆的结构参数,从而提高车辆的动力性能.